120 male and 120 female athletes, who were aged 13 to 22 yr., from Junior and Senior High School and College varsity sports, and 60 male and 60 female nonathletes of like age, were tested on Oltman's portable rod-and-frame apparatus to assess field dependence. Analysis indicated that the boys were more field-independent than the girls. Female athletes were more field-independent than male nonathletes.
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