Performance of two groups of youngsters, educable mentally retarded (CA 15-5; MA 11-4; IQ 74.3) and those of average ability (CA 10-5; MA 11-3; IQ 109.1) was compared for intentional and incidental visual memory as a function of cognitive level and color of the stimulus. Nonretarded subjects performed significantly better than the retarded ones of equal MA. Both groups performed better with a color than black-white card, and both groups did better on the tasks involving intentional rather than incidental memory.
References
1.
BergsonH. (1911) Matter and memory. London: Sonnenschein.
2.
BocharovaS. P. (1968) Vlyianeye Informatyvnoy Tsennosty obyektov na uroven neproyzvolnogo Zapomynania [The effects of the information value of objects on the level of involuntary memorization]. Voprosy Psikhologii, 5, 86–96.
3.
BrownA. L.CampioneJ. C. (1986) Psychological theory and the study of learning disabilities. American Psychologist, 10, 1059–1086.
4.
CegelkaP. T. (1972) Incidental learning in retarded and nonretarded children. American Journal of Mental Deficiency, 76, 581–585.
5.
FoxR.RotatoriA. (1980) Incidental learning in mildly retarded children. Journal of General Psychology, 102, 121–125.
6.
HetheringtonE. M.BantaT. J. (1962) Incidental and intentional learning in normal and mentally retarded children. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 55, 402–404.
7.
MakhlakhY. E.RappaportI. A. (1980) Sootnosheneye pamyatie i volevykh katchestv Litchnosti [Correlation between memory and volitional characteristics of personality]. Voprosy Psikhologii, 1, 125–129.
8.
MintzesB. (1971) A comparison of institutionalized and noninstitutionalized mentally retarded children and intellectually normal children on incidental and intentional learning tasks. (Doctoral dissertation, Michigan State Univer., 1970)Dissertation Abstracts International, 31, 3993A.
9.
ShellowS. M. (1923) Individual differences in incidental memory. New York: Sadie Meyers Shellow.
10.
SingerR. V. (1963) Incidental and intentional learning in retarded and normal children. (Doctoral dissertation, Michigan State Univer., 1963)Dissertation Abstracts, 25, 652.
11.
SmirnovA. A.ShlychkovpoA. N. (1976) O Sootnosheneye neproyzvolnoy i proyzvolnoy pamyate danym uznavania i Vosproezvedenya [On the relationship between voluntary and involuntary memory influence on the material of recognition and reproduction]. Voprosy Psikhologii, 5, 84.
12.
SpitzH. H. (1976) Toward a relative psychology of mental retardation, with special emphasis on evolution. In EllisN. R. (Ed.), International review of research in mental retardation. Vol. 8. New York/London: Academic Press. Pp. 35–53.
13.
WeissB.WeiszJ. R.BromfieldR. (1986) Performance of retarded and nonretarded on information processing tasks: further tests of the similar structure hypothesis. Psychological Bulletin, 100, 157–175.
14.
ZinchenkoP. I. (1961) Neproyzvolnoye Zapomynaneye [Incidental memory]. Moscow: Academy of Pedagogical Sciences of the RSFSR.
