Non-smokers, 24-hr. deprived smokers and non-deprived smokers learned either a low or high meaningful list of paired-associates. On both trials and errors to criterion, deprived smokers performed better on the high meaningful list and worse on the low meaningful list than either of the other two groups. It was concluded that smoking deprivation produced definite signs of withdrawal effects. These took the form of an increase in arousal which facilitated performance on the easier list and retarded performance on the more difficult list.
References
1.
AMOROSOD., & WALTERSR. (1969). Effects of anxiety and socially mediated anxiety reduction on paired-associate learning. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 11, 396–399.
2.
BERNSTEIND. (1970). The modification of smoking behavior: an evaluative review. In HuntW. A. (Ed.), Learning mechanisms in smoking. Chicago: Aldine. Pp. 3–41.
3.
BROWNB. (1968). Some characteristic EEG differences between heavy smoker and non-smoker subjects. Neuropsychologia, 6, 381–388.
4.
CHILESW. (1958). Effects of shock-induced stress on verbal performance. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 53, 159–165.
5.
EDWARDSA. (1968). Experimental design in psychological research. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston.
6.
GLAZEJ. (1928). The association value of nonsense syllables. Journal of Genetic Psychology, 35, 255–267.
7.
HEIMSTRAN., BANCROFTN., & DEKOCKA. (1967). Effects of smoking upon sustained performance in a simulated driving task. Annals of New York Academy of Sciences, 142, 295–306.
8.
RAMONDC. (1953). Anxiety and task as determiners of verbal performance. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 46, 120–124.
9.
RUNQUISTW. (1966). Verbal behavior. In SidowskiJ. B. (Ed.), Experimental methods and instrumentation in psychology. New York: McGraw-Hill. Pp. 487–540.
10.
ULETTJ., & ITILT. (1969). Quantitative electroencephalogram in smoking and smoking deprivation. Science, 164, 969–970.
11.
WEINERB. (1965). Role of success and failure in the learning of easy and complex tasks. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 3, 339–344.
