“Extant” verbal labels are those which Ss bring from preexperimental experience. “Applied” labels are learned during the experiment itself. Extant labels function as symbolic mediating responses in an acquired equivalence task but, when offered a choice, Ss mediate according to applied labels. The results are interpreted in terms of the effects of applied-label training and the nature of the extant mediating responses.
References
1.
FlavellJ. H.BeachD. H.ChinskyJ. M.Spontaneous verbal rehearsal in a memory task as a function of age. Child Development, 1966, 37, 283–299.
2.
HortonD. L.The effects of meaningfulness, awareness and type of design in verbal mediation. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 1964, 3, 187–194.
3.
KendlerT. S.Verbalization and optional reversal shifts among kindergarten children. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 1964, 3, 428–436.
NikkelN.PalermoD. S.Effects of mediated associations in paired-associate learning of children. Journcl of Experimental Child Psychology, 1965, 2, 92–101.
6.
ReeseH. W.Acquired distinctiveness and equivalence of cues in young children. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 1972, 13, 171–182.
7.
SpikerC. C.Experiments with children on the hypotheses of acquired distinctiveness and equivalence of cues. Child Development, 1956, 27, 253–263.
