During the Second World War psychology became recognized as having distinct services to offer. The role of male psychologists is contrasted with that of women psychologists. The initial response to the war by female psychologists is described. The specific contributions by women psychologists are examined in the following areas: research on children, child care programs, government and active duty, food problems, and the shaping of educational programs to meet the demands of the war, and work on draft boards by women psychologists.
References
1.
AndrewsT.DreeseM.Military utilization of psychologists during World War II. American Psychologist, 1948, 3, 533–538.
2.
AstinH.The woman doctorate in America. New York: Russell Sage Found., 1969.
3.
AstinH.Employment and career status of women psychologists. American Psychologist, 1972, 27, 371–381.
4.
BaruchD.Child care centers and the mental health of children in this war. Journal of Consulting Psychology, 1943, 7, 252–266.
5.
BrittS. H.MorganJ.Military psychologists in World War II. American Psychologist, 1946, 1, 423–437.
6.
BryanA.BoringE.Women in American psychology: Statistics from the OPP questionnaire. American Psychologist, 1946, 1, 71–79.
7.
BryanA.BoringE.Women in American psychology: Factors affecting their professional careers. American Psychologist, 1947, 2, 3–20.
8.
CarterG.Child care and youth problems in a relocation center. Journal of Consulting Psychology, 1944, 8, 219–225.
9.
DespertJ. L.Preliminary report on children's reactions to the war, including a critical survey of the literature. New York: MacyJosiahJr., 1942.
10.
DespertJ. L.Effects of war on children's mental health. Journal of Consulting Psychology, 1944, 7, 206–218.
11.
EliotM.Opportunities for volunteers in child health and welfare. The Child, 1941, 6, 113–118.
12.
EliotM.Civil defense measures for the protection of children. Washington, D. C: United States Department of Labor (Children's Bureau), 1942. (Publ. No. 279).
13.
GoldmanN.The changing role of women in the armed forces. In HuberJ. (Ed.), Changing women in a changing society. Chicago: Univer. of Chicago Press, 1973. Pp. 130–149.
14.
GuilfordJ.Some lessons from aviation psychology. American Psychologist, 1948, 3, 3–11.
15.
HeidbrederE.The orientation of college women toward war needs. Journal of Consulting Psychology, 1943, 7, 289–295.
16.
HunterW.Psychology in the war. American Psychologist, 1946, 1, 479–492.
17.
KochH.Training volunteer teacher's aides for defense nursery schools and day care centers. Journal of Consulting Psychology, 1944, 8, 229–237.
18.
KrawiecT. (Ed.) The psychologists. Vol. 1. New York: Oxford Univer. Press, 1972.
19.
KronkP. C.Position, status, power for women psychologists: A 1938 historical example. Psychological Reports, 1979, 44, 325–326.
20.
LevyD.New fields of psychiatry. New York: Norton, 1947.
21.
MartinA. L.Cooperation of the child study department of Rochester Board of Education with Selective Service. Journal of Consulting Psychology, 1943, 7, 267–273.
22.
MurpheyG.Service of women psychologists to the war. Journal of Consulting Psychology, 1943, 7, 249–251.
23.
NeustatterW.Some psychiatric aspects of total war. Diseases of the Nervous System, 1942, 3, 79–87.
24.
PfisterE.The case for child care centers. Journal of Consulting Psychology, 1944, 8, 199–205.
25.
RossH.Child guidance in the crisis. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 1942, 12, 596.
26.
SchwesingerG.The National Council of Women Psychologists. Journal of Consulting Psychology, 1943, 7, 296–301.
27.
StrattonD.SpringerD.Problems of procurement, training, and morale among members of the women's reserve of the United States Coast Guard Reserve. Journal of Consulting Psychology, 1943, 7, 274–279.
28.
TolmanR.Report of the emergency committee on the services of women psychologists. Journal of Consulting Psychology, 1943, 7, 289–295. (a).
29.
TolmanR.Some work of women psychologists in the war. Journal of Consulting Psychology, 1943, 7, 127–131. (b).
