We surveyed 1128 students from Grades 7 through 12 on their average alcohol consumption. Students' drinking behaviors were categorized into four groups: only with parents, never with parents, and also for those who drank with and without parents, their consumption when parents were present and when parents were not present. Adolescents drink less in the presence of parents. However, when parents are not present, adolescents who never drink with their parents drink less than those who drink with and without their parents.
References
1.
JessorR.JessorS. L. (1975) Adolescent development vs the onset of drinking: A longitudinal study. Quarterly Journal of Studies in Alcohol, 36, 27–51.
2.
KandelD. B. (1980) Drug and drinking behavior among youth. Annual Review of Sociology, 6, 235–285.
3.
NeedleR.McCubbinH.WilsonM.ReinecrR.LazakA.MedererH. (1986) Interpersonal influences in adolescent drug use—the role of older siblings, parents and peers. International Journal of the Addictions, 21, 739–766.
4.
SheppardM. A. (1987) Peers or parents: Who has the most influence on cannabis use?Journal of Drug Education, 17, 123–128.
5.
SmartR. (1985) Guidelines for the development of Canadian surveys of alcohol and drug use among students. Ottawa: Health and Welfare Canada.