Standardization data for the Kaufman Adolescent and Adult Intelligence Test (KAIT) were used to examine white-black and white-Hispanic differences on the Horn-Cattell crystallized and fluid constructs at several age groups across the broad 11- to 94-year span. Samples included 1,547 white, 241 black, and 140 Hispanic persons. Multivariate analyses with educational attainment covaried yielded only one significant finding: the white-black difference on the Crystallized Famous Faces subtest became smaller with increasing age.
References
1.
ArinoldoC. G. (1979) Black-white differences in the general cognitive index of the McCarthy Scales and in the Full Scale IQs of Wechsler's scales. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Univer. of Georgia.
2.
ChenT.KaufmanA. S.KaufmanJ. C. (1994) Examining the age × race interaction pertaining to black-white differences at ages 15 to 93 on six Horn abilities assessed by K-FAST, K-SNAP and KAIT subtests. (Manuscript submitted for publication).
3.
HornJ. L. (1985) Remodeling old models of intelligence. In WolmanB. B. (Eds), Handbook of intelligence: Theories, measurements, and applications. New York: Wiley. Pp. 267–300.
4.
HornJ. L. (1989) Cognitive diversity: A framework of learning. In AckermanP. L.SternbergR. J.GlaserR. (Eds.), Learning and individual differences. New York: Freeman. Pp. 61–116.
5.
HornJ. L.CattellR. B. (1966) Refinement and test of the theory of fluid and crystallized intelligence. Journal of Educational Psychology, 57, 253–270.
6.
HornJ. L.CattellR. B. (1967) Age differences in fluid and crystallized intelligence. Acta Psychologica, 26, 107–129.
7.
HornJ. L.HoferS. M. (1992) Major abilities and development in the adult period. In SternbergR. J.BergC. A. (Eds.), Intellectual development. Boston, MA: Cambridge Univer. Press. Pp. 44–99.
8.
KaufmanA. S.HornJ. L. (1994) Age changes on tests of fluid and crystallized ability for females and males on the Kaufman Adolescent and Adult Intelligence Test (KAIT) at ages 17 to 94 years. (Manuscript submitted for publication).
9.
KaufmanA. S.KaufmanN. L. (1973) Black-white differences at ages 2-½ to 8-½ on the McCarthy Scales of Children's Abilities. Journal of School Psychology, 11, 194–204.
10.
KaufmanA. S.KaufmanN. L. (1983) K-ABC interpretive manual. Circle Pines, MN: American Guidance Service.
11.
KaufmanA. S.KaufmanN. L. (1993) Manual for the Kaufman Adolescent and Adult Intelligence Test (KAIT). Circle Pines, MN: American Guidance Service.
12.
KaufmanA. S.McLeanJ. E.KaufmanJ. C. (in press) The fluid and crystallized abilities of white, black, and Hispanic adolescents and adults, both with and without an education covariate. Journal of Clinical Psychology.
13.
KaufmanA. S.McLeanJ. E.ReynoldsC. R. (1988) Sex, race, residence, region, and education differences on the 11 WAIS—R subtests. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 44, 231–248.
14.
KaufmanA. S.WangJ. (1992) Gender, race, and education differences on the K-BIT at ages 4 to 90 years. Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment, 10, 219–229.
15.
KaufmanJ. C.ChenT.KaufmanA. S. (1994) Ethnic, education, and gender differences on six Horn abilities for adolescents and adults. (Manuscript submitted for publication).
16.
WechslerD. (1974) Manual for the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children—Revised (WISC—R). San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corp.
17.
WechslerD. (1991) Manual for the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Third Edition (WISC-III). San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corp.