Homosexual Parents: Why Appeals Cases Approximate the “Gold Standard” for Science—A Reply to Duncan

Unlike the unverifiable claims of volunteers in studies of homosexual parenting, an alert ex-spouse is ready to testify as to the falsity of any claim by the other spouse in custody proceedings. Further, a greater variety of professionals are involved in getting at the “truth.” We argue that examination of an unbiased corpus of such appeals cases is far more apt to reflect the underlying “reality” about homosexual parenting than studies performed on volunteers.