African Adolescents and Their Teachers: Sex and Rural-Urban Comparisons in Teachers' Perceived Behaviors

Abstract

This study investigated rural-urban differences in teachers' perceived behaviors among African adolescent boys and girls. On the Perceived Teacher Behavior Inventory administered to 354 boys and 530 girls from four rural and urban high schools in South Africa no significant sex differences were found on the subscales of Generalized Support, Positive Expectations, and Participation. Rural boys and girls scored significantly higher, however, than their urban peers on the Generalized Support and Participation.

Get full access to this article

View all access options for this article.

References

Metcalfe

B. M. Alban

(1981) Self-concept and attitude to school. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 51, 66–76.

Bem

S. L.

(1974) The measurement of psychological androgyny. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 42, 155–162.

Caldwell

M. A.

Peplau

L. A.

(1982) Sex differences in same-sex friendships. Sex Roles, 8, 721–732.

Carlson

(1971) Sex differences in ego functioning. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 37, 267–277.

Ciborowski

Cole

(1971) Cultural differences in learning conceptual rules. International Journal of Psychology, 6, 115–120.

Clarke-Stewart

Friedman

Koch

(1985) Child development. New York: Wiley.

Dasen

P. R.

Lavellee

Retschitzki

(1979) Training conservation of quantity (liquids) in West African (Baoule) children. International Journal of Psychology 14, 23–47.

Durojaiye

M. O. A.

(1976) A new introduction to educational psychology. London: Evans Brothers Ltd.

Fahmeier

E. D.

(1978) The development of concrete operations among the Hausa. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 9, 23–47.

10.

Fry

P. S.

Coe

K. J.

(1980) Interaction among dimensions of academic motivation and classroom social climate: A study of the perceptions of junior high and high school pupils. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 50, 33–42.

11.

Henry

(1976) A cross-cultural outline of education. In Roberts

J. I.

Akinsanya

S. K.

(Eds.), Educational patterns and cultural configurations. New York: McKay. Pp. 29–56.

12.

Hess

R. D.

Halloway

S. D.

(1984) Family and school as educational institutions. In Parke

R. D.

(Ed.), Review of child development research. Vol. 7. Chicago, IL: Univer. of Chicago Press. Pp. 192–222.

13.

Hoffmann

L. W.

(1977) Changes in family roles, socialization and sex differences. American Psychologist, 32, 644–657.

14.

Johnson

(1974) Instructional goal structure: Co-operative, competitive or individualistic. Review of Educational Research, 44, 213–240.

15.

Kenyatta

(1971) Facing Mount Kenya. London: Secker & Warburg.

16.

Kiminyo

D. M.

(1977) A cross-cultural study of the development of conservation of mass, weight and volume among Kamba children. In Dasen

P. R.

(Ed.), Piagetian psychology: Cross-cultural contributions. New York: Gardner Press. Pp. 124–135.

17.

Lau

(1989) Sex role orientation and domains of self-esteem. Sex Roles, 21, 411–418.

18.

Lloyd

B. B.

(1971) Studies of conversation with Yoruba children of differing ages and experience. Child Development, 42, 415–428

19.

Mboya

M. M.

(1994) A new multidimensional measure of African adolescents' perceptions of teachers' behaviors. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 78, 419–426.

20.

McClintock

C. G.

Moskowitz

J. M.

(1976) Children's preferences for individualistic, co-operative and competition outcomes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 35, 543–555.

21.

McFie

(1961) The effect of education on African performance on a group of intellectual tests. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 31, 232–240.

22.

Moore

G. A.

(1976) An anthropological view of urban education. In Roberts

J. I.

Akinsanya

S. K.

(Eds.), Educational patterns and cultural configurations. New York: McKay. Pp. 121–143.

23.

Moos

R. H.

(1976) The human context: Environmental determinants of behavior. New York: Wiley.

24.

Mwamwenda

T. S.

(1989) Educational psychology: An African perspective. Durban, South Africa: Butterworths.

25.

Omari

I. M.

(1982) Psychology and education in changing societies: New perspectives from Tanzania. Dar-es-Salaam: Dar-es-Salaam Univer. Press.

26.

Poplin

(1972) Communities: A survey of theories and methods of research. New York: Macmillan.

27.

Posner

J. K.

Baroody

A. J.

(1979) Number conservation in two West African societies. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 10, 479–496.

28.

Sameroff

A. J.

(1983) Developmental systems: Context and evolution. In Kessen

(Ed.), Handbook of child psychology. Vol. 1. New York: Wiley. Pp. 237–294.

29.

Simpson

J. F.

(1981) A study of classroom climate and its relationship to self-concept and achievement of educable mentally handicapped children. (Doctoral dissertation, George Peabody College for Teachers of Vanderbilt Univer.) Dissertation Abstracts International, 41, 3824 A. (Univer. Microfilms No. 8105470)

30.

Smith

T. L.

Zopf

(1970) Principles of inductive rural sociology. Philadelphia, PA: Davis.

31.

Spence

J. T.

Helmreich

R. L.

(1978) Masculinity and femininity: Their psychological dimensions, correlates, and antecedents. Austin, TX: Univer. of Texas Press.

32.

Weller

Shlomi

Zimot

(1976) Birth order, sex, and occupational interest. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 8, 45–50.

33.

Yarworth

J. S.

Gauthier

W. J.

(1978) Relationship of student self-concept and selected personal variables to participation in school activities. Journal of Educational Psychology, 70, 335–344.