A Quaternary Temperament Model and Defense Cluster Preferences

Abstract

A quaternary model of temperament constructed from orthogonal axes defined by Extraversion–Introversion and Thinking–Feeling resulted in four groups: Introverted Thinking, Introverted Feeling, Extraverted Thinking, and Extraverted Feeling, Hypothesized relationships between quaternary groups and defense cluster preferences were tested by giving 158 female college students the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator and the Defense Mechanisms Inventory. There was little support for hypothesized relationships between the quaternary model and defense preferences. The only hypothesized significant group difference showed the Extraverted Feeling group recording a greater preference for the Reversal defense cluster than the Introverted Feeling group.

Get full access to this article

View all access options for this article.

References

Bakan

(1966) The duality of human existence: an essay on psychology and religion. Skokie, IL: Rand-McNally.

Cloninger

C. R.

(1986) A unified biosocial theory and its role in the development of anxiety states. Psychiatric Development, 3, 167–226.

Doyle

K. O.

(1999) The social meanings of money and property. Thousand Oaks, CA

Sage

Eysenck

H. J.

(1953) The structure of human personality. New York: Wiley.

Ihilevich

Gleser

(1993) Defense mechanisms: their classification, correlates, and measurement with the Defense Mechanisms Inventory. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.

James

(1890) Principles of psychology. (2 vols.) New York: Holt.

Jung

(1923) Psychological types. New York: Harcourt Brace.

Kagan

(1994) Galen's Prophesy. New York: Basic Books.

Merrill

Reid

(1981) Personal styles and effective performance. Radnor, PA: Chilton.

10.

Myers

I. B.

McCaulley

M. H.

(1985) Manual: a guide to the development and use of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press.

11.

Roback

(1931) The psychology of character. (2nd ed.) New York: Harcourt Brace.