Prior research had suggested that individuals would estimate higher product values and even tip more in the presence of credit cues. In the absence of a clear theoretical interpretation of this credit card effect we propose that this tendency is an impression management strategy such that credit cue exposure influences perceptions of the self and focuses attention on individual wealth. Thus, in the presence of others, credit cues serve to enhance images of the self. Preliminary data in support of this alternative theoretical perspective are presented.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
BanduraA. (1973) Aggression: a social learning analysis. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
2.
BerkowitzL.LePageA. (1967) Weapons as aggression-eliciting stimuli. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 7, 202–207.
3.
CialdiniR. B. (2001) Influence: science and practice. Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon.
4.
FeinbergR. A. (1986) Credit cards as spending facilitating stimuli: a conditioning interpretation. Journal of Consumer Research, 13, 348–356.
5.
FeinbergR. A. (1990) The social nature of the classical conditioning phenomena in people: a comment on Hunt, Florsheim, Chatterjee, and Kernan. Psychological Reports, 67, 331–334.
6.
FeinbergR. A.WesgateL. S.BurroughsW. J. (1992) Credit cards and social identity. Semiotica, 91, 99–108.
7.
GarrityK.DegelmanD. (1990) Effects of server introduction on restaurant tipping. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 20, 168–172.
8.
HirschA. R. (1995) Effects of ambient odors on slot-machine play in a Las Vegas casino. Psychology and Marketing, 12, 585–594.
9.
HuntJ. M.FlorsheimR. A.ChatterjeeA.KernanJ. B. (1990) Credit cards as spending facilitating stimuli: a test and extension of Feinberg's conditioning hypothesis. Psychological Reports, 67, 323–330.
10.
KenrickD. T.NeubergS. L.CialdiniR. B. (1999) Social psychology. Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon.
11.
KotlerP. (1973) Atmospherics as a marketing tool. Journal of Retailing, Winter, 48–64.
12.
LearyM. R. (1995) Self presentation: impression management and interpersonal behavior. Madison, WI: Brown & Benchmark.
13.
LynnM.McCallM. (2000) Gratitude and gratuity: a meta-analysis of research on the service-tipping relationship. Journal of Socio-Economics, 29, 203–214.
14.
McCallM.BelmontH. J. (1996) Credit card insignia and restaurant tipping: evidence for an associative link. Journal of Applied Psychology, 81(5), 609–613.
15.
ShimpT. A.MoodyM. P. (2000) In search of a theoretical explanation for the credit card effect. Journal of Business Research, 48, 17–23.
16.
SnyderM. L.TankeE. D.BerscheidE. (1977) Social perception and interpersonal behavior: on the self-fulfilling nature of social stereotypes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 35, 656–666.
17.
SpangenbergE. R.CrowleyA. E.HendersonP. W. (1996) Improving the store environment: do olfactory cues affect evaluations and behaviors?Journal of Marketing, 60, 67–80.
18.
SwannW. B.Jr.Stein-SeroussiA.GieslerR. B. (1992) Why people self-verify. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 62, 392–401.
19.
TurleyL. W.MillimanR. E. (2000) Atmospheric effects on shopping behavior: a review of the experimental evidence. Journal of Business Research, 49, 193–211.
20.
YalchR.SpangenbergE. R. (1990) Effects of store music on shopping behavior. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 7, 55–63.