Bioessay to Test the Pathogenicity of Beauveria Bassiana (Bals.) Vuill. On The Coffee Berry Borer Hypothenemus Hampei (Ferrari)

Abstract

Spanish

The coffee berry borer Hipothenemus hampei (Ferrari) is the most serious insect pest of the coffee plantations. Among the biological control methods the fungus Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill. may play an important role in borer population reduction. In this research a bioassay method was standardized to test the pathogenicity of B. bassiana on H. hampei. Adults of the borer were obtained from a laboratory mass rearing using parchment coffee at 45% R.H. The borers were desinfested with sodium hypochlorite at 0,5% for 10 minutes and rinsing the excess in three washes with sterile distilled water. The experiment was organized in a complete randomized desing using three treatments formed by isolate Cenicafe Bb-9205 from Diatraea saccharalis (Bb-9205 DS), the same isolate passed through the borer (Bb-9205 BFC) and a control. Thirty adults of the borer were used per replication. These insects were exposed to the fungus using a concentration of 1 x 10⁷ conidia/ml for two minutes and then transferred individually in glass vials (4 cc of capacity) with a piece of wet paper inside and capped with absorbent cotton. Twenty four hours later a berry of waxed-parchment coffee with 45% of humidity was added as a substrate. Infected insects showed a reduced activity, lost of legs and antennae and therefore inability to bore the coffee grain. Treated insects with the fungus resulted in lower grain attack (14.44%) compared with control insects (44.44%). There were significant differences (P≥0.05) among treatments, average mortality was 88.88% for isolate Bb-9205 DS and 100% for Bb-9205 BFC. Mean lethal time (TL₅₀) was 92.4 hours with isolate Bb-9205 DS and 54.72 hours with Bb-9205 BFC. Five stages of development of B. bassiana on H. hampei were recognized: inoculation to death, death to initial mycelial growth, death to micelial coverage, death to conidiogenesis and death to discharge of conidia. These stages lasted 20.16; 31.92; 56.40; 83.28 and 198 hours for Bb-9205 DS and 20.88; 44.40; 66.88; 116 and 182 hours for Bb-9205 BFC. This biossay can be used as a model to evaluate different entomopathogens to be tested against H. hampei.

Keywords

Beauveria bassiana Coffee berry borer Hypothenemus hampei Entomopathogenic fungi Microbiological control Pathogenicity Biological control

Get full access to this article

View all access options for this article.

References

Alves

S.B.

1986a.Fungos entomopatognicos. En: Alves

S.B.

(Ed.).Controle Microbiano de Insetos. Cap. 3. Métodos utilizados em patologia e controle microbiano.Editora Manole Ltda,Sao Paulo, Brasil, p.237–277.

Alves

S.B.

1986b.Fungos entomopatognicos. En: Alves

S.B.

(Ed.).Controle Microbiano de Insetos. Cap. 2. Agentes entomopatogenicos no controle microbiano.Editora Manole Ltda,Sao Paulo, Brasil, p.73–126.

Barrera

J.F.

; Moore

; Abraham

Y.J.

; Murphy

S.T.

; Prior

1990.Biological control of the coffee berry borer, Hypothenemus hampei, in Mexico and possibilities for further action. En:Proceeding of the Brighton Crop Protection Conference-Pest and Diseases.1990, p.391–396.

Bustillo

A.E.

; Castillo

; Villalba

; Morales

; Vélez

P.E.

1991.Evaluaciones de campo con el hongo Beauveria bassiana para el control de la broca del café, Hypothenemus hampei, en Colombia. In:Colloque Scientifique International sur le Cafe, 140., San Francisco (Estados Unidos), 14-19 Juillet.1991.ASIC,París, p.679–686.

1991a.Uso potencial del entomopatógeno Beauveria bassiana en el control de la broca del café. En:Seminario sobre la broca del café. SOCOLEN.Medellín,octubre 1990.Miscelánea Sociedad Colombiana de Entomología (Colombia),no. 18, p.91–105.

1991b.Perspectivas de un manejo integrado de la broca del caé Hypothenemus hampei, en Colombia. En:Seminario sobre la broca del café. SOCOLEN,Medellín,octubre 1990.Miscelánea Sociedad Colombiana de Entomología (Colombia),no. 18, p.106–118.

Cárdenas

1991.La broca del café, Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari 1867). En:Seminario sobre la broca del café.Medellín,octubre 1990.Miscelánea Sociedad Colombiana de Entomología (Colombia),no. 18, p.1–13.

Decazy

1990.Descripción, biología, ecología y control de la broca del café Hypothenemus hampei (Ferr.). En:Conferencias Conmemorativas 50 años de CENICAFE 1938-1988.CENICAFE,Chinchiná, Colombia, p.133–139.

Evans

H.C.

1982.Entomogenous fungi in tropical forest ecosystems: an appraisal.Ecological Entomology (Inglaterra)v. 7, p.47–60.

10.

Fernández

P.M.

; Lecuona

R.E.

; Alves

S.B.

1985.Patogenicidade de Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill. a broca do café Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari 1867) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae).Ecosistema (Brasil)v. 10, p.176–182.

11.

Ferron

1978.Biological control of insect pests by entomogenous fungi.Annual Review of Entomology (Estados Unidos)v. 23, p.409–442.

12.

Hall

R.A.

; Papierok

1982.Fungi as biological control agents of arthropods of agricultural and medical importance.Parasitology (Inglaterra)v. 84, p.205–240.

13.

García

C. A.M.

1991.Informe Anual de Labores.CENICAFE,Chinchiná.20p.

14.

Ignoffo

C.M.

1975.Biological control of insects research.Environmental Letters (Estados Unidos)v. 8 no. 1, p.23–40.

15.

Jiménez

J.A.

1992.Patogenicidad de diferentes aislamientos de Beauveria bassiana sobre la broca del café.Cenicafé (Colombia)v. 43 no. 3, p.84–88.

16.

Khachatourians

1991.Physiology and genetics of entomopathogenic fungi. In: Arora

D.K.

; Ajello

; Mukerji

K.G.

(Eds.).Handbook of Applied Mycology, Vol. 2. Humans, Animals and Insects.Marcel Dekke,New York, p.613–663.

17.

Klein

K.C.

; Espinoza

; Tandazo

; Cisneros

; Delgado

1988.Factores naturales de regulación y control biológico de la broca del café (Hypothenemus hampei).Sanidad Vegetal (Ecuador)v. 3 no. 3, p.5–30.

18.

Lazo

R.R. A

1990.Susceptibilidad de la broca del fruto del cafeto Hypothenemus hampei al homgo entomopatogeno Beauveria basiana, y su tolerancia al oxicloruro de cobre.CATIE,Turrialba, Costa Rica.61p. (Tesis Magister of Science).

19.

Méndez

L.I.

1990.Control microbiano de la broca del fruto del cafeto Hyphotenemus hampei (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), con el hongo Beauveria basiana (Bals.) Vuill. (Deuteromycetes) en el Soconusco, Chiapas.Chapingo, México.135p. (Tesis de Maestría)

20.

Moore

; Prior

1988.Present status of biological control of the coffee berry borer Hypothenemus hampei.Brighton Crop Protection Conference - Pests and Diseases. (Inglaterra).1988.v. 9, p.1119–1123.

21.

Muller

R.A.

1990.Algunos aspectos de un problema patológico grave que constituye una amenaza para la caficultura latinoamericana. La antracnosis de los frutos del café arabica (Coffee Berry Disease o CBD). En:Conferencias Conmemorativas 50 años de CENICAFE 1938-1988.CENICAFE,Chinchiná, Colombia, p.124–132.

22.

Murphy

S.T.

; Moore

1990.Biological control of the coffee berry borer, Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) previous programms and possibilities for the future.Biocontrol News and Information (Inglaterra)v. 11 no. 2, p.107–117.

23.

Paccola

M. L.D.

; Azevedo

J.L.

1990.Variabilidade natural no fungo entomopatognico Beauveria bassiana.Arquivos de Biologia e Tecnologia (Brasil)v. 33 no. 3 p.657–672.

24.

Pascalet

1939.La lutte biologique contre Stephanoderis hampei ou scoltyte du cafeier au Cameroum.Revue de Botanique Applique et the Agriculture Tropicalv. 49 no. 219, p.753–764.

25.

Prior

1987.Use of the fungal pathogen Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill. for the control of coffee berry borer (Hypothenemus hampei Ferr.).FEDERACAFE,Bogotá.3p. (Mecanografiado).

26.

Roberts

D.W.

; Yendol

W.G.

1971.Use of fungi for microbial control of insects. In: Burges

H.D.

; Hussey

N.W.

(Eds.).Microbial Control of Insects and Mites. Chap. 5.Academic Press,London, p.125–149.

27.

Steyaert

R.L.

1935.Un ennemmi natural du Stephanoderis, le Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill. Etude des facteurs ambiants requissant sa pullulation.Institute de Etudes Agronomiques du Congo Belge,46p. (Serie Scientifique no. 2).

28.

Ticheler

J.H.G.

1963.Estudio analítico de la epidemiología del escolítido de los granos de café, Stephanoderis hampei Ferr., en Costa de Marfil (Traducción G. Quiceno).Cenicafé (Colombia)v. 14 no. 4, p.123–294.

29.

Tronconi

N.M.

; Argucia

R.A.

; Muñoz

R.J.

1986.Evaluación de la eficiencia de Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin en el control de la broca del fruto del cafeto (Hypothenemus hampei Ferr. 1867). En:Seminario de Investigación Cafetera, 40. IHCAFE,Tegucigalpa, D.C.,julio 9-11 1986.Instituto Hondureño del Café.Tegucigalpa. p.167–174.

30.

Villacorta

1984.Ocorrencia de Beauveria sp. infectando a broca do café Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari, 1867) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) en Lavouras no estado do Paraná.Annais da Sociedade Entomologica do Brasil (Brasil)v. 13, p.177–178.