Technique Tip: Use of Mini-Fragment Screws and a Modified External-Rotation Lateral Radiograph in the Treatment of Anterior Colliculus Fractures

1. Bucholz RW Heckman JD : Rockwood and Green's Fractures in Adults, Fifth Edition, Philadelphia, Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, 2037, 2002.

2. Femino JE Gruber BF Karunakar MA : Safe zone for the placement of medial malleolar screws. 89(1): 133–138, 2007.

3. Mast JW Teipner WA : A reproducible approach the internal fixation of adult ankle fractures: rationale, technique and early results. Orthop Clin North Am. 11:661–679, 1980.

4. Ostrum RF Litsky AS : Tension band fixation of medial malleolus fractures. J Orthop Trauma. 6:464, 1992. https://dx-doi-org.web.bisu.edu.cn/10.1097/00005131-199212000-00013.

5. Pankovich AM Shivaram MS : Anatomical basis of variability in injuries of the medial malleolus and the deltoid ligament. Anatomical studies. Acta Orthop. Scand., 50:217–225, 1979.

6. Pankovich AM Shivaram MS : Anatomical basis of variability in injuries of the medial malleolus and the deltoid ligament. Clinical studies. Acta Orthop. Scand., 50:225–236, 1979.

7. Schatzker J Tile M : The Rationale of Operative Fracture Care. Berlin, Springer-Verlag, 399, 1987.

8. Skie MC Ebraheim NA Woldenberg L Kelly R : Fracture of the anterior colliculus. The Journal of Trauma, Injury, Infection and Critical Care. 38(4): 642–647, 1995. https://dx-doi-org.web.bisu.edu.cn/10.1097/00005373-199504000-00032.

9. Skie MC Woldenberg L Ebraheim NA Jackson WT : Assessment of collicular fractures of the medial malleolus. Foot and Ankle, 10(3): 118–123, 1989.

10. Wiss DA : Master Techniques in Orthopaedic Surgery: Fractures. Second Edition, Philadelphia, Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, 557, 2006.