Freeze–Thaw Durability and Salt Scaling Resistance Assessment of Portland Cement Concrete Composite Pavement

Abstract

The SHRP 2 R21 project on composite pavement investigated the durability of various mixtures of portland cement concrete (PCC) used in the construction of a two-layer composite PCC pavement. Project consultants in Europe, where composite PCC over PCC pavement was more common than in the United States, advised the R21 research team to consider using the CIF (capillary suction, internal damage, and freeze–thaw) standard of the International Union of Laboratories and Experts in Construction Materials, Systems, and Structures (RILEM), Paris, rather than the familiar ASTM standards. As a result, the R21 project adopted the RILEM CIF standard to evaluate the freeze–thaw durability and salt scaling resistance of concretes. The research also explored a modified RILEM CIF test (using pure water instead of a sodium chloride solution in scaling tests) alongside the standard RILEM CIF tests. The paper describes this experience to expose other institutions and agencies in the United States to the RILEM standards for the freeze–thaw durability and salt scaling resistance testing of concretes.

Get full access to this article

View all access options for this article.

References

Tompkins

, Vancura

M.E.

, Rao

, Khazanovich

, and Darter

M. I.

Construction of Sustainable Pavements: Two-Layer Concrete Pavements at MnROAD Facility. Presented at 90th Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board, Washington, D.C., 2011.

Setzer

M.J.

, Heine

, Kasparek

, Palecki

, Auberg

, Feldrappe

, and Siebel

Recommendations of RILEM TC 176-IDC Test Methods of Frost Resistance of Concrete: CIF Test—Capillary Suction, Internal Damage, and Freeze-Thaw Test. Materials and Structures, Vol. 37, No. 10, 2004, pp. 743–753.

Auberg

Application of CIF Test in Practice for Reliable Evaluation of Frost Resistance of Concrete. Proc., PRO 24: 2nd International RILEM Workshop on Frost Resistance of Concrete ( Setzer

M.J.

, Auberg

, and Keck

H.-J.

, eds.), Essen, Germany, 2002, pp. 255–267.

Pigeon

, and Pleau

Durability of Concrete in Cold Climates. E & FN Spon, London, 1995.

Mindess

, Young

J.F.

, and Darwin

Concrete, 2nd ed. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, N.J., 2002.

Setzer

M. J.

Frost-Attack on Concrete-Modeling by the Micro-ice-lens Model—Evaluating by RILEM CIF Test. In Creep, Shrinkage and Durability Mechanics of Concrete and Concrete Structures ( Tanabe

T.-A.

, ed.), Taylor & Francis Group, London, 2009, pp. 971–977.

Jana

Concrete, Construction, or Salt—Which Causes Scaling? Part I: Importance of Air-Void System in Concrete. Concrete International, Nov. 2004, pp. 31–38.

Heine

, and Setzer

M. J.

The Role of Aggregates in the CIF-Test. Proc., PRO 24: 2nd International RILEM Workshop on Frost Resistance of Concrete ( Setzer

M.J.

, Auberg

, and Keck

H.-J.

, eds.), 2002, pp. 269–276.

Setzer

M. J.

RILEM TC 117-FDC: Freeze–Thaw and Deicing Resistance of Concrete. Materials and Structures, Vol. 30, No. 1, March 1997, pp. 3–6.

10.

Palecki

, and Setzer

M. J.

Investigation of High-Performance Concrete Under Frost Attack—Internal Damage and Water Uptake. Proc., PRO 24: 2nd International RILEM Workshop on Frost Resistance of Concrete ( Setzer

M.J.

, Auberg

, and Keck

H.-J.

, eds.), Essen, Germany, 2002, pp. 317–325.

11.

Petersson

P.E.

, and Utgenannt

Parameters Influencing the Results When Testing the Scaling Resistance of Concrete. Proc., International RILEM Workshop on Frost Damage in Concrete ( Janssen

, Setzer

M.J.

, and Snyder

M. B.

, eds.), Minneapolis, Minn., 1999.

12.

Gondai

, Tsukinaga

, Shoya

, Aba

, and Sakoi

Study on the Test Method for Scaling Resistance of Concrete Exposed to Deicing Chemicals. In Creep, Shrinkage, and Durability Mechanics of Concrete and Concrete Structures ( Tanabe

T.-A.

, ed.), Taylor & Francis Group, London, 2009.