Issues and Options for Improved Freight Transportation in Costa Rica

As international trade grows in Central America, it becomes more critical to move freight in an effective and efficient manner. Recent trade agreements between Central American countries and the rest of the world will likely increase the freight moved in the Central American region. Additionally, the expansion of the Panama Canal will result in increases in freight as larger vessels will be able to travel through the canal. To handle this potential freight growth and maintain their competitiveness, Central American countries must prepare their infrastructure and improve their operations. The road network is essential in moving freight to international border crossings and ports in Costa Rica; therefore, the reliability of the infrastructure and key connecting links are a primary concern for freight transportation. Port and border infrastructure and operations are also essential for the throughput of freight at the international level. Although international free trade agreements have the potential to increase freight, without corresponding improvements to the freight transportation system, the overall positive impact might be small. This paper investigates the issues and options associated with improved freight movement to, from, and through Costa Rica. The issues and options are addressed in the context of physical, operational, and regulatory constraints to freight mobility. The findings from this work raise issues that should be considered in the design, development, and implementation of a modern and efficient freight transportation infrastructure that can increase the economic competitiveness of Costa Rica relative to other countries in the region.