Field test results of a variable speed limit (VSL) control algorithm, a speed-controlling algorithm using shock wave theory (SPECIALIST), were analyzed to elucidate driver response and traffic flow evolution under VSL control. Successful VSL control was characterized by nearly constant, or decreasing, demand over time. In contrast, failed VSL control was attributed to (a) significant increase in demand (during control) and (b) significant net inflow from ramps. The demand increase was found to be the leading cause of the failed control, underscoring that the efficacy of the VSL control greatly relies on its ability to incorporate demand patterns during control. On the basis of these findings, some potential improvements are offered, including a parameter design strategy that incorporates demand patterns.
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