Herpes Simplex Virus-Specific Antibodies Present in Tears During Herpes Keratitis

Abstract

We examined the specificity and levels of antibodies present in rabbit tears after induced infection of the rabbit cornea. Two strains of herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV) with different patterns of ocular disease were used: RE which produces stromal disease, and F which produces epithelial disease. We found that (i) IgG, IgA, and IgM antibodies were produced, (ii) the number of specific HSV antigens recognized by these antibodies was no significantly different, and (iii) postinfection (PI) timing and concentration of antibodies varied according to the disease pattern of the virus strain. The animals infected with strain F produced high levels of IgG antibodies early PI which remained constant, while IgA and IgM antibodies also increased early PI but declined after Day 16 PI. Animals infected with strain RE showed low levels of IgA and IgM antibodies which remained low. IgG antibodies increased early PI but declined at Day 16 PI. These differences in times of appearance and in amounts of antibodies in tears may be related to the clinical course of the disease. It has been shown that stromal disease has an immunopathologic basis. Inflammation, cellular infiltration of lymphocytes, and plasma cells are seen in the stroma of RE-infected animals, but these are not present in the stroma of F-infected animals. Infectious virus was not isolated from corneal explants taken from animals during the quiescent stage of the disease. The difference in pathogenicity cannot be explained in terms of specificity of tear antibodies. Even though the disease patterns were different, the number and types of HSV polypeptides recognized by both sets of tears was similar. Consequently, we believe that the immunopathology seen in the stromal disease may be due to the anatomical site of HSV antigens, rather than to differences in specificity of tear antibodies.