Synthesis of Phenols and Naphthols by Alkali Metal Hydroxide Fusion under Microwave Irradiation †

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Phenolic OH group producing reactions in aromatic nuclei are: alkali metal hydroxide fusion of arylsulfonates, aromatization of corresponding cyclic alcohols or ketones, replacement of halide by hydroxide ion in the aryl halide compounds, conversion of NH₂ group to OH group by diazotization reaction of aryl amines, cumene oxidation (Hock process), direct hydroxylation of aromatic nuclei.

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A commercial oven NATIONAL, 900 Watt 2450 MHz was used.