Choice of Melioration Facies Regimes Using Catenary-facies Models of Watersheds of the Forest-steppe Zone of the Republic of Bashkortostan

Unfavourable environmental state of the reclaimed land requires to revise common methods of determining reclamation modes. Reclamation regimes should be chosen as part of complex facilities, depending on different physical, geographical and climatic conditions where the reclaimed land is located. This can be done by building catenary-facies models of watersheds. In our research we applied computer-based simulation methods of the functioning of the watershed facies catenas. The methods to be applied are based on the calculation of the moisture transfer processes by solving the differential equation of two-dimensional moisture movement in the soils and subsoils of the zones of aeration and complete saturation. The paper presents a catenary-facies model, its operation under natural conditions taking into account hydrotechnical ameliorations.

The model allows to make forecast calculations of water regimes and of the watersheds facies productivity. We have developed a method of justification of environmental reclamation regimes by simulation of watershed facies catenas. Watershed facies have been classified according to their hydrothermal coefficient and the humidity ratio within watersheds of the forest-steppe zone of the Republic of Bashkortostan. There was revealed the integral dependence of relative crop capacity on soil washability of facies catenas. As a part of the study, there were found environmentally friendly meliorative regimes available for the conditions of the forest-steppe zone. The use of these regimes contributes to the minimum soil washability and the maximum crop capacity.