Architectural design for integrated support of complex engineering projects

Abstract

Defence Projects world-wide are undergoing a gradual transition from development projects to those involving integration of Commercial-Off-The-Shelf (COTS) and Military-Off-The-Shelf (MOTS) Systems. At the same time Requests for Tender (RFT) demands innovative support solutions to reduce Life Cycle Cost (LCC) over thirty years of operation. Increasingly the Defence seeks ‘Value for Money’. While there are defined processes to support both Systems Engineering and Support Engineering, these are hierarchical by engineering discipline and do not provide the means of architecting and trading off system design and support objectives concurrently. This study analyses suitability of existing Systems Engineering and Support Engineering processes with respect to the transformation of a Defence industry enterprise from predominantly engineering development projects to service projects. This transformation is in response to changes in the Defence industry context, where Defence has transitioned from bespoke system acquisition to the integration of COTS and MOTS systems coupled with support for up to 30 years. The study builds a model of the current state process set and artefact relationship and compares these with the international standards against the goals of reduced Life Cycle Cost (LCC). This study identifies the transitional needs and proposes changes to the Enterprise Business Management System processes, tools and work product templates to achieve concurrent system and service solution engineering.

Keywords

Enterprise integration product service systems commercial-off-the-shelf military-off-the-shelf life cycle cost support solution

Get full access to this article

View all access options for this article.

References

Mortimer

, Going to the Next Level - The Report of the Defence Procurement and Sustainment Review, 2008. Pub. on 18 September, 2008. ISBN: 978-0-642-29688-7, 118 pages, available from: http://www.defence.gov.au/publications/mortimerReview.pdf

Robinson

, Tramoundanis

, Harvey

, Jones

and Wilson

Demonstrating Model-Based Systems Engineering for Specifying Complex Capability, Systems Engineering/Test & Evaluation Conference, Adelaide 2010, 3-5 May, Adelaide, Australia, 2010.

Henry

and Bil

, Sustainment management in the royal Australian Navy. In transdisciplinary lifecycle analysis of systems, Ed Stjepandić J 1 (2015), 249–258.

J.P.T.

and Downey

, System design for transitional aircraft support, International Journal of Network Business Management 6(7) (2014), 45–56.

Thompson

and Mo

J.P.T.

, Optimum Support System Architecture for Air Warfare Destroyers, 22nd ISPE Concurrent Engineering Conference, 20-23 July, Delft, The Netherlands, 2015.

Ertaul

L.E.

, Enterprise Security Planning with Department of Defense Architectural Framework (DoDAF), Proc. of The 2011 International Conference on Security and Management (SAM’11). LasVegas, Nevada, USA, 2011.

CIO, DoD Architecture Framework Version 2.02. US Department of Defence, 2010. from: http://dodcio.defense.gov/Library/DoDArchitectureFramework.aspx, Retrieved Feb 3, 2016

Handley

H.A.H.

, Incorporating the NATO Human View in the DoDAF 2.0 Meta Model, System Engineering 15(1) (2012), 108–117.

Dimov

, Stankov

and Tagarev

, Using enterprise architecture models to identify opportunities for improvement of acquisition management, Information and Security, An International Journal 23(2) (2009), 188–203.

10.

Jancuzura

, Evaluation of defence architectures in support of system integration, Journal of Battlefield Technology 12(3) (2009), 9–13.

11.

Zhu

, Staples

and Nguyen

, The Need for Software Architecture Evaluation in the Acquisition of Software-Intensive Systems, DSTO-TR-2936, pub. Defence Science and Technology Organisation, Adelaide, Australia, 2014.

12.

MoD. MOD Architecture Framework - Defence and armed forces – guidance. Retrieved 10 14, 2015, from https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mod-architecture-framework

13.

The Open Group,.TOGAF®, an Open Group standard. 2015. Retrieved Oct 14, 2015, from The Open Group: http://www.opengroup.org/subjectareas/enterprise/togaf

14.

Eastman

, Teicholz

, Sacks

, Liston

, BIM Handbook – A guide to Building Information Modelling for Owners, Managers, Designers, Engineers, and Contractors, pub. John Wiley, 2008, ISBN: 978-0-470-18528-5, 506 pages.

15.

Department of Defence, 2016 Defence White Paper, 2016. ISBN: 978-0-9941680 5-4. Available from: http://www.defence.gov.au/whitepaper/Docs/2016-Defence-White-Paper.pdf

16.

Department of Defence, Contract Template Selection and Tailoring Guide, 2016. Version 2.1, April, 2016. Available from http://www.defence.gov.au/casg/Multimedia/CTSTG_Version_2_1-9-3879.pdf

17.

and Wang

, Process modelling based integration. 13th IFAC Symposium on Information Control Problems in Manufacturing, IFAC Proceedings Volumes, 42(4) (2009), 644–649.

18.

Conger

, Six sigma and business process management. In Handbook on Business Process Management 1, Eds vom

Brocke J.

, Roseman

, pub. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2015, ISBN 978-3-642-45100-3, pp. 127–146.

19.

Bryne

and Mo

J.P.T.

, Critical factors for design of successful performance-based contracting environment, Int. J. Agile Systems and Management 8(3/4) (2015), 305–331.

20.

Lockheed Martin, Autonomic Logistics Information System (ALIS) – Maintaining and Sustaining Critical F-35 Lightnight II Systems, Product information, 2016, Available from: http://www.lockheedmartin.com.au/content/dam/lockheed/data/gtl/documents/CS00086-55%20(ALIS%20Product%20Card).pdf, viewed 21 December, content/dam/lockheed/data/gtl/documents/CS00086-55%20(ALIS%20Product%20Card).pdf, viewed 21 December, 2016.

21.

Sauser

, Forbes

, Long

and McGrory

S.E.

, Defining an Integration Readiness Level for Defense Acquisition. International Symposium of the International Council on Systems Engineering (INCOSE), 2009, July 20-23, Singapore, 2009.

22.

Hilton

, Troung

, Homes

and Ferrige

, Realising The Benefits of Commercial off The Shelf for Defence Systems. 2014 Australian Defence Engineering Conference (ADEC 1014).. Melbourne, Australia: Engineers Australia, 2014.

23.

Zeuschner

and Mo

J.P.T.

, Transformation pathway to high reliability support service system, Journal of Aerospace Operations 3 (2015), 125–146.