Activated protein C stimulates expression of angiogenic factors in human skin cells,angiogenesis in the chick embryo and cutaneous wound healing in rodents

Activated protein C (APC) is a serine protease that plays a central role in physiological anticoagulation, and has more recently been shown to be a potent anti-inflammatory mediator. We show here that APC upregulates the angiogenic promoters, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), interleukin-8 (IL-8) or matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) in cultured human skin fibroblasts (HF), keratinocytes (HK) or umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVE). In the chick embryo chorio-allantoic membrane assay, APC promoted angiogenesis. In a full-thickness rat skin healing model, a single topical application of APC enhanced wound healing compared to saline control. In summary, our results demonstrate that APC promotes cutaneous wound healing at least partly by stimulation of angiogenesis.