Concrete Planning in Plan ICS Framework by Combining SMT with GEO and Simulated Annealing *

The paper deals with the concrete planning problem – a stage of the web service composition in the PlanICS framework. We present several known and new methods of concrete planning including those based on Satisfiability Modulo Theories (SMT), Genetic Algorithm (GA), as well as methods combining SMT with GA and other nature-inspired algorithms such as Simulated Annealing (SA) and Generalised Extremal Optimization (GEO). The discussion of all the approaches is supported by the complexity analysis, extensive experimental results, and illustrated by a running example.