High affinity human antibodies by phage display

The development of phage display has now made it possible to consider the isolation of human antibodies directly without immunization. Recent advances in the field of human immunogenetics and in phage technology have led to the assembly of ‘naive’ human repertoires in vitro whose complexity approach that of the natural immune system. Screening of these libraries has allowed the isolation in one step of antibodies with affinities in the nanomolar range.