LED phototherapy can attenuate muscle fatigue and accelerate muscle recovery in young persons, but little is known about photobiomodulation effects on muscle strength in the elderly.
OBJECTIVE:
To assess the effects of LED phototherapy on the grip strength and muscle fatigue of wrist flexors in elderly women.
METHODS:
Twenty-nine women were recruited and allocated to Placebo Group(PG) (n= 14) and LED Group (LG) (n= 15). Grip strength, number of resisted wrist flexion repetitions, and serum creatine kinase (CK) were measured. The subjects were irradiated with one diode (638 nm, 150 mW, 11.7 J/cm2, 4.5 J/point) at four points on the wrist flexor muscles, and fatigue was induced by exercise using 75% of one maximum repetition (1MR). When muscle fatigue was reached, grip strength and CK were reassessed.
RESULTS:
In the LG, there was no intra-group difference for grip strength(N), 217.7 ± 34.3 to 209.9 ± 35.3 (p = 0.063) whereas in the PG, there was decrease in strength from 203.0 ± 22.5 to 181.4 ± 21.6(p < 0.001). LED increased the number of repetitions by 22.0%. An increase in CK (U/L) was observed in PG in all post-fatigue periods (p = 0.003) but no difference was found in the LG (p = 0.972).
CONCLUSIONS:
A single application of LED before muscle fatigue induction may effectively maintain grip strength and reduce muscle fatigue and damage.
HakkinenK. Strength training-induced adaptations in men and women at different ages. Isokinet Exerc Sci2002; 10(1):13.
2.
ManiniTM, ClarkBC. Dynapenia and aging: An update. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci2012; 67A(1):28.
3.
IshizakiT, WatanabeS, SuzukiT, ShibataH, HagaH. Predictors for functional decline among nondisabled older Japanese living in a community during a 3-year follow-up. J Am Geriatr Soc2000; 48:1424.
4.
SugiuraY, TanimotoY, WatanabeM, TsudaY, KimuraM, KusabirakiT, et al. Handgrip strength as a predictor of higher-level competence decline among community-dwelling Japanese elderly in an urban area during a 4-year follow-up. Arch Gerontol Geriatr2013; 57(3):319.
5.
SvantessonU, NordéM, SvenssonS, BrodinE. A comparative study of the Jamar\scriptsize® and the Grippit\scriptsize® for measuring handgrip strength in clinical practice. Isokinet Exerc Sci2009; 17(2):85.
6.
StarkT, WalkerB, PhillipsJK, FejerR, BeckR. Hand-held dynamometry correlation with the gold standard isokinetic dynamometry: a systematic review. PM{&}R2011; 3(5):472.
7.
AllmanBL, RiceCL. Neuromuscular fatigue and aging: central and peripheral factors. Muscle Nerve2002; 25(6):785.
De MarchiT, Leal JuniorECP, BortoliC, TomazzoniSS, Lopes-MartinsRAB, SalvadorM. Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) in human progressive-intensity running: effects on exercise performance, skeletal muscle status, and oxidative stress. Lasers Med Sci2012; 27(1):231.
10.
FerraresiC, OliveiraTB, ZafalonLO, ReiffRBM, BaldisseraV, PerezSEA, et al. Effects of low level laser therapy (808 nm) on physical strength training in humans. Lasers Med Sci2011; 26(3):349.
11.
Leal JuniorECP, Lopes-MartinsRAB, RossiRP, De MarchiT, BaroniBM, GodoiV, et al. Effect of cluster multi-diode light emitting diode therapy (LEDT) on exercise-induced skeletal muscle fatigue and skeletal muscle recovery in humans. Lasers Surg Med2009; 41(8):572.
12.
Leal JuniorECP, Lopes-MartinsRAB, FrigoL, De MarchiT, RossiRP, GodoiV, et al. Effects of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) in the development of exercise-induced skeletal muscle fatigue and changes in biochemical markers related to post exercise recovery. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther2010; 40(8): 524.
13.
TomaRL, TucciHT, AntunesHKM, PedroniCR, OliveiraAS, BuckI, et al. Effect of 808 nm low-level laser therapy in exercise-induced skeletal muscle fatigue in elderly women. Lasers Med Sci2013; 28(5): 1375.
14.
BagnatoVS, KurachiC, FerreiraJ, SankarankuttyAK, ZucolotoS, SilvaOC. New photonic technologies for the treatment and diagnosis of hepatic diseases. An overview of experimental work performed in collaboration, between physics Institute of São Carlos and Ribeirão Preto Faculty of Medicine of the University of São Paulo. Acta Cir Bras2006; 21:3.
15.
WhelanHT, Smiths JrRL, BuchmanEV, WhelanNT, TurnerSG, MargolisDA, et al. Effect of NASA light-emitting diode irradiation on wound healing. J Clin Laser Med Surg2001; 19:305.
16.
FessEE. Grip strength. In: Casanova JS, editor. Clinical Assessment Recommendations. 2nd ed. Chicago: American Society of Hand Therapists, 1992. 41.
17.
PaolilloFR, MilanJC, AnicetoIV, BarretoSG, RebelattoJR, Borghi-SilvaA, et al. Effects of infrared-LED illumination applied during high-intensity treadmill training in postmenopausal women. Photomed Laser Surg2011; 29(9): 639.
18.
EvansWJ, PaolissoG, AbbatecolaAM, CorsonelloA, BustacchiniS, StrolloF, et al. Frailty and muscle metabolism dysregulation in the elderly. Biogerontol2010; 11(5):527.
19.
AliS, GarciaJM. Sarcopenia, cachexia and aging: diagnosis, mechanisms and therapeutic options - a mini-review. Gerontology2014; 60(4):294.
20.
ForrestKYZ, ZmudaJM, CauleyJA. Patterns and correlates of muscle strength loss in older women. Gerontology2007; 53(3):140.
21.
DonatoAJ, UberoiA, WrayDW, NishiyamaS, LawrensonL, RichardsonRS. Differential effects of aging on limb blood flow in humans. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol2006; 290:H272.
22.
Muller-DelpJ, SpierSA, RamseyMW, LesniewskiLA, PapadopoulosA, HumphreyJD, et al. Effects of aging on vasoconstrictor and mechanical properties of rat skeletal muscle arterioles. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol2002; 282:H1843.
23.
LarkinKA, MartinJS, ZeanahEH, TrueJM, BraithRW, BorsaPA. Limb blood flow after class 4 laser therapy. J Athl Train2012; 47(2):178.
24.
MitchellUH, MackGL. Low-level laser treatment with near-infrared light increases venous nitric oxide levels acutely: a single-blind, randomized clinical trial of efficacy. Am J Phys Med Rehabil2013; 92(2):151.
25.
ChristieA, SnookEM, Kent-BraunJA. Systematic review and \linebreak meta-analysis of skeletal muscle fatigue in old age. Med Sci Sports Exerc2011; 43(4):568.
26.
RobertsHC, DenisonHJ, MartinHJ, PatelHP, SyddallA, CooperC, et al. A review of the measurement of grip strength in clinical and epidemiological studies: towards a standardized approach. Age Ageing2011; 40(4):423.
27.
Kent-BraunJA, NgAV, DoyleJW, TowseTF. Human skeletal muscle responses vary with age and gender during fatigue due to incremental isometric exercise. J Appl Physiol2002; 93(5):1813.
28.
Leal JuniorECP, Lopes-MartinsRAB, DalanF, FerrariM, SbaboFM, GenerosiRA, et al. Effect of 655-nm low-level laser therapy on exercise-induced skeletal muscle fatigue in humans. Photomed Laser Surg2008; 26(5):419.
29.
MirandaEF, Leal-JuniorEC, MarchettiPH, Dal CorsoS. Acute effects of light emitting diodes therapy (LEDT) in muscle function during isometric exercise in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: preliminary results of a randomized controlled trial. Lasers Med Sci2014; 29(1):359.
30.
MirandaEF, Leal-JuniorEC, MarchettiPH, Dal CorsoS. Effects of light-emitting diodes on muscle fatigue and exercise tolerance in patients with COPD: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials2013; 14:134.
31.
XuX, ZhaoX, LiuTCY, PanH. Low-intensity laser irradiation improves the mitochondrial dysfunction of C2C12 induced by electrical stimulation. Photomed Laser Surg2008; 26(3):197.
32.
MarzettiE, CalvaniR, CesariM, BufordTW, LorenziM, BehnkeBJ, et al. Mitochondrial dysfunction and sarcopenia of aging: From signaling pathways to clinical trials. Int J Biochem2013; 45:2288.
33.
GulsoyM, OzerGH, BozkulakO, TabakogluHO, AktasE, DenisG, et al. The biological effects of 632.8-nm low energy He-Ne laser on peripheral blood mononuclear cells in vitro. Photochem Photobiol B. 2006; 82(3):199-202.
34.
JacksonMJ, McArdleA. Age-related changes in skeletal muscle reactive oxygen species generation and adaptive responses to reactive oxygen species. J Physiol2011; 589(9): 2139.
BorsaPA, LarkinKA, TrueJM. Does phototherapy enhance skeletal muscle contractile function and postexercise recovery? A systematic review. J Athl Train2013; 48(1):57.
