Designing,simulations and experiments of a passive permanent magnet bearing

Abstract

This paper presents simulations and experimental results for two types of Passive Permanent Magnet Bearings. The bearing system under investigation consists of two permanent magnet rings opposing to each other in two different configurations. The influence of parameters, such as thickness and radius of permanent magnets, in the force is presented through FEM calculations. Two setups of passive magnetic bearings have been built. Static measurements of radial and axial forces are reported and results compared with simulations. Also, dynamic tests show the behavior of the bearing and the magnitudes of force in the foothold. The results are presented to show trends in the parameters, so the conclusions are applicable for other sizes and applications. As an example, the application as a top bearing for a 12 kW vertical axis wind turbine is considered.

Keywords

Permanent magnetic bearing finite element method vertical axis bearing

References

Jan

, Chen

, Wang

, Yang

H.X.

and Fu

W.N.

, A novel magnetic levitated bearing system for Vertical Axis Wind Turbines (VAWT), Applied Energy Volume 90(1) (February 2012), 148-153.

Müller

, Jentsch

M.F.

and Stoddart

, Vertical axis resistance type wind turbines for use in buildings, ELSEVIER, Renewable Energy 34, 2009, 1407-1412.

Schweitzer

et al., Magnetic Bearings: Theory, design and application to rotating machinery, Springer Verlag, 2009.

Chiba

et al., Magnetic Bearings and Bearingless Drives, Elsevier, Great Britain, 2005, ISBN 0 7506 5727 8.

Rodriguez

E.F.

and Santisteban

J.A.

, An improved control system for a split windings bearingless induction motor, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 58(8) (2011), 3401-3408, DOI: 10.1109/TIE.2010.2087302.

Lijesh

K.P.

and Hirani

, Magnetic bearing using rotation magnetized direction configuration, Journal of Tribology 137(4) (2015), art. no. 042201, DOI: 10.1115/1.4030344.

Enemark

and Santos

I.F.

, Nonlinear dynamic behavior of a rotor-foundation system coupled through passive magnetic bearings with magnetic anisotropy - Theory and experiment, Journal of Sound and Vibration, Article in Press 2015, DOI: 10.1016/j.jsv.2015.10.007.

Jungmayr

, Marth

, Amrhein

, Berroth

H.-J.

and Jeske

, Analytical stiffness calculation for permanent magnetic bearings with soft magnetic materials, IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 50(8) (2014), art. no. 6762946, DOI: 10.1109/TMAG.2014.2310437.

Bachovchin

K.D.

, Hoburg

J.F.

and Post

R.F.

, Stable levitation of a passive magnetic bearing, IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 49(1) (2013), art. no. 6242412, 609-617, DOI: 10.1109/TMAG.2012.2209123.

10.

Samanta

and Hirani

, Magnetic Bearing Configurations: Theoretical and Experimental Studies, IEEE Trans. on Magnetics 44(2) (Feb. 2008).

11.

Sotelo

G.G.

et al., Halbach array superconducting Magnetic Bearing for a flywheel energy storage system, IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity 15(2) (June 2005), 2253-2256, DOI: 10.1109/TASC.2005.849624.

12.

, Fang

, Han

and Zhang

, Dynamic circuit model of a radial magnetic bearing with permanent magnet bias and laminated cores, Journal: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics 46(1) (2014), 43-60, DOI: 10.3233/JAE-141746.

13.

Sotelo

G.G.

, Sthephan

R.M.

, Branco

P.J.

and de Andrade, Jr.

, A didactic comparison of magnetic forces, International Journal of Electrical Engineering Education 48 (2011), 117-129.

14.

Amati

, de Lépine

and Tonoli

, Modeling of electrodynamic bearings, Journal of Vibration and Acoustics, Transactions of the ASME 130(6) (2008), art. no. 061007, DOI: 10.1115/1.2981170.

15.

Dias

D.H.N.

et al., Application of textured YBCO bulks with artificial holes for superconducting magnetic bearing, Superconductor Science and Technology 28(7) (2015), art. no. 075005, DOI: 10.1088/0953-2048/28/7/075005.

16.

Sotelo

G.G.

, de Andrade, Jr.

and Ferreira

A.C.

, Test and Simulation of Superconducting Magnetic Bearings, IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity 19 (2009), 2083-2086.

17.

Yonnet

J.-P.

, Passive Magnetic Bearings with permanent magnets, IEEE Transactions on Magnetics MAG-14(5) (September 1978) DOI: 10.1109/TMAG.1978.1060019.

18.

Delamare

, Rulliere

and Yonnet

J.P.

, Classification and synthesis of permanent magnet bearing configurations, IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 31 (1995), 4190-4192, DOI: 10.1109/20.489922.

19.

Jinji

, Yuan

and Jiancheng

, Passive axial magnetic bearing with Halbach magnetized array in magnetically suspended control moment gyro application, Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 323(15) (August 2011), 2103-2107, DOI: 10.1016/j.jmmm.2011.02.020.

20.

Feipeng

, Tiecai

and Yajing

, A study on passive magnetic bearing with Halbach magnetized array, International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems (ICEMS 2008) (2008), 417-420.

21.

Ravaud

, Lemarquand

and Lemarquand

, Force and stiffness of Passive Magnetic Bearings using permanent Magnets. Part 1: Axial Magnetization, IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 45(7) (July 2009), DOI: 10.1109/TMAG.2009.2016088.

22.

Ravaud

, Lemarquand

and Lemarquand

, Force and stiffness of Passive Magnetic Bearings using permanent Magnets. Part 2: Radial Magnetization, IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 45(9) (September 2009) DOI: 10.1109/TMAG.2009.2025315.

23.

Bekinal

S.I.

, rao Anil

T.R.

and Jana

, Analysis of the magnetic field created by permanent magnet rings in permanent magnet bearings, International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics 46(1) (2014), 255-269, DOI: 10.3233/JAE-141776.

24.

Tian

, Tian

and Jia

, Magnetic force analytic model of step conical PMB, Journal: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics 47(2) (2015), 293-304, DOI: 10.3233/JAE-130130.

25.

Qian

, Xu

and Wang

, Investigation on applying Passive Magnetic Bearings to impeller left ventricular assist devices (LVAD), 3rd International Conference on Biomedical Engineering and Informatics - BMEI 2010.

26.

Cansiz

and Hull

J.R.

, Stable Load-Carrying and Rotational Loss Characteristics of Diamagnetic Bearings, IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 40(3) (May 2004), DOI: 10.1109/TMAG.2004.827181.

27.

Chen

J.-Y.

et al., Evaluation of Eddy-Current Effects on Diamagnetic Bearings for Microsystems, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 56(4) (April 2009), DOI: 10.1109/TIE.2008.2011346.

28.

J.L.

, Rote

D.M.

and Coffey

H.T.

, Study of Japonese Electrodynamic - Suspension Maglev Systems, Center for Transportation Research Argonne National Laboratory (1994), DOI: 10.2172/10150166.

29.

Tompson

M.T.

, Eddy Current Magnetic Levitation - Models and Experiments, IEEE Potentials (2000), 40-44, DOI: 10.1109/45.825642.

30.

Rossander

et al., Evaluation of a Blade Force Measurement System for a Vertical Axis Wind Turbine Using Load Cells, Energies 8(6) (2015), 5973-5996, DOI: 10.3390/en8065973.

31.

Dyachuk

, Rossander

, Goude

and Bernhoff

, Measurements of the Aerodynamic Normal Forces on a 12-kW Straight-Bladed Vertical Axis Wind Turbine, Energies 8 (2015), 8482-8486, DOI: 10.3390/en8088482.

32.

Rodriguez

and Stephan

, Radial and axial forces of a passive magnetic bearing, Proceedings of BWMB2013, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 2013.

33.

Rodriguez

and Stephan

, Study of Passive Magnetic Bearings for Vertical-Axis Wind Turbines, Proceedings of ISMB13, Arlington, Virginia, USA, on August 6-9, 2012.

34.

Jiang

, Wang

and Wen

, Flywheel energy storage system with a permanent magnet bearing and a pair of hybrid ceramic ball bearings, Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology 28(12) (2014), 5043-5053, DOI: 10.1007/s12206-014-1125-z.