Bibliometric analysis of strawberry ( Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) research publications from horticulture category based on Web of Science

Abstract

BACKGROUND:

The strawberry (Fragaria × annanasa Duch.) is one of the most significant cash horticultural crops in the world. Fresh strawberry fruits contain dietary fiber, vitamin C, 30-08-2021-carotene, folic acid and other nutrients required for human health and nutrition, and they have an appetizing aroma and flavour, as well as various phytonutrients that may be potentially beneficial to human health and could be used against chronic diseases including cancer and cardiovascular disorders.

OBJECTIVE:

The current study aimed to identify and analyze the 2,640 article and review type papers of strawberry research from horticulture category based on the Web of Science.

METHODS:

The Web of Science database was searched to extract data. Bibliometric data, including citation count, were analyzed together with the words by bibliometric science mapping and visualization tools.

RESULTS:

Papers mainly written in English (2,426, 91.894 %), were from 6,807 authors, 77 countries/territories, 1,504 organizations and published in 57 Journals and book series. Top 5 core journals ranked as Hortscience (360, 13.636 %), Scientia Horticulturae (322, 12.197 %), Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science (248, 9.394 %), Postharvest Biology and Technology (236, 8.939 %) and Journal of Horticultural Science Biotechnology (134, 5.076 %), that these journals each published more than 134 papers. Top 5 countries and regions were USA, Peoples R China, Japan, South Korea and Brazil. Top 5 organizations were Univ Florida, Univ Calif Davis, USDA ARS, ARS and Michigan State Univ. Top 5 authors are Hancock James F. (Hancock JF), Shaw DV, Chandler Craig K. (Chandler CK), Whitaker Vance M, Choi Jong Myung, each published more than 28 papers. All keywords of the strawberry research from horticulture Category were separated eight clusters for different research topics.

CONCLUSIONS:

Visualizations offer exploratory information on the current state in a scientific field or discipline as well as indicate possible developments in the future. The review could provide a valuable guide for designing future studies. This work is useful for student identifying graduate schools and researchers selecting journals.

Keywords

Bibliometric analysis horticulture category VOSviewer web of science

1 Introduction

The cultivated strawberry (Fragaria×ananassa Duch.) is an allooctoploid species, originating nearly 300 years ago from wild progenitors from the Americas. Since that time the strawberry has become the most widely cultivated fruit crop in the world, universally appealing due to its sensory qualities and health benefits [1]. Productivity in strawberry can be recorded by measuring marketable or total yield, and marketable yield is a better indicator of productivity than total yield. Total world production is about nine million tones, with significant cultivation in China, the United States, Mexico, Egypt, Turkey and Spain and other countries [2]. Strawberries are the fifth most preferred fresh fruit in the United Sates [3].

Strawberries are the most important berry crop (excluding grape) and are grown in several environments, including areas with a temperate, subtropical or Mediterranean climate. Control of flowering is one of the key processes that determines the ability of the species to adapt to different climates and growing conditions [4]. Strawberry is a fruit crop species of major horticultural importance, for which fruit quality and the control of flowering (for fruit yield), pruning (for vegetative propagation), and the trade-off between the two are main breeding targets. Strawberry is also a fleshy fruit of considerable commercial and nutritional importance. Like tomato, strawberry has sympodial shoot growth and bears fruit for which volatiles and primary metabolites (flavor) and specialized metabolites (color, nutrition) are of utmost importance. The octoploid cultivated strawberry has a limited genetic basis [5].

Strawberry is an important horticultural crop that has excellent commercial and nutritional value and an attractive appearance. The colour of strawberries results from the accumulation of anthocyanins, with colourful fruit appealing to consumers because of their attractive appearance ranging from white to dark red [6]. Moreover, it was reported that dietary consumption of strawberry could increase the plasma antioxidant capacity [7, 8] and improve the insulin sensitivity [9].

Category of Horticulture covers resources concerning the cultivation of flowers, fruits, vegetables or ornamental plants, in gardens, orchards or nurseries [10]. For the keywords of Strawberry OR “Fragaria ananassa Duch.” in the topic and all the year published for the article or review paper type, the most three Web of Science Category are Food Science Technology, Horticulture, Plant Sciences and Agronomy. This paper was selected and focused on the Horticulture Category.

Bibliometric indicators have been frequently employed to analyze scientific and technological production in different fields of knowledge. Bibliometrics technique has been adopted in some research, such as essential oil-bearing plants exposed to the water stress [11], grafting in horticultural plants [12], scientific research about fungus Phakopsora pachyrhizi Sydow & Sydow affecting soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] [13], highly cited articles in science citation index expanded – subject category of horticulture [14], research, innovation and development on Corylus avellana [15], the berries on the top [16], bibliometric analysis of INRA publications on fruits and vegetables produced between 2002 and 2006 [17], tree fruit growing in Germany [18], trends in Mango research [19], wine research and its relationship with wine production [20]. Others research as soil and water conservation in the Loess Tableland-Gully Region of China [21], advances in water use efficiency in agriculture and sustainable water use in agriculture [22, 23]. Sun & Yuan have analyzed rice with fertilizer based on Citespace [24], the top papers in world rice research [25], Library and Information Science [26], water Resources [27], Agronomy category [28], green and sustainable science and technology [29], and scientific research on maize or corn [30, 31].

The aim of the study is to assess publications of article and review on Strawberry (Fragaria ananassa Duch.) research from Horticulture Category by bibliometric science mapping and visualization tools. We will assess the scatter of publications in citation databases, classification of topics and progress over the years. Country input and author collaboration (co-authorship) will be addressed. Special attention will be dedicated to research topics and research fronts.

2 Data and methodology

2.1 Web of Science

Clarivate Analytics’s Web of Science (WoS) is the world’s leading scientific citation search and analytical information platform, and the one of the world’s largest and most comprehensive academic information resources covering more than 12,000 core academic journals. The publication counts from the Web of Science Core Collection were derived from the following databases: The Science Citation Index—Expanded (SCIE)–1900-present, Social Science Citation Index (SSCI) –1900-present, Conference Proceeding Citation Index-Science (CPCI-S) –2015-present, Conference Proceedings Citation Index- Social Science & Humanities (CPCI-SSH) –2015-present, Current Chemical Reactions (CCR-EXPANDED) –1985-present, Index Chemicus (IC) –1993-present.

2.2 Data collection and analysis

This study surveyed papers in WoS Core Collection (1900-present) (retrieval data last updated: 2021-3-16). We used the keywords in the topic, with the query

Topic: (Strawberry OR “Fragaria ananassa Duch.”)

Then refined by: Document Types: (Article or Review) and WoS Categories: (Horticulture).

There are 2,640 papers from WoS Core Collection. Full record and cited references of the included papers were extracted at other reference software file format and imported into VOSviewer (version 1.6.16, 2020, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands) for further citation analysis. The impact factors (IF 2019 and IF 5 year) were taken from the Journal Citation Report (JCR 2019) published in 2020, which had the latest data available.

2.3 VOSviewer

Visualizations (network and overlay) using program VOSviewer are conducted on WOS data in order to determine co-occurrence and clusters of connected publications, country input and author collaboration (co-authorship) as well as clusters of interrelated research topics (text data). In this work, we used VOSviewer to show the international collaboration between the authors, organizations, countries and the research trends through all keywords [32]. In this paper, default parameters values of the VOSviewer are usually used in the analysis. Items are represented by a label and a circle. The size of circles reflects the weight of an item. Some items are not displayed in avoidance of overlapping. The colors in network visualization (text maps) represent clusters of similar items as calculated by the program. Distance between the items indicates the strength of relationships.

3 Results and discussion

3.1 Document type and language of publication

Based on Clarivate Analytics’s WoS Index, the 2,640 papers were SCIE (2,640), CPCI-S (45) and SSCI (6).

The paper document types and languages were displayed in the Table 1. Among the document types, there are articles (2,603, 98.598 %) and reviews (37, 1.402 %), also including proceedings papers (45, 1.705 %) and Early Access (3, 0.114 %). The first paper titled of “Ascorbic acid content of strawberry varieties and selections at geneva, new-york in 1945” wrote by Slate and Robinson (1946) was published in Proceedings of the American Society for Horticultural Science (47 : 219-223) [33].

Table 1
Document type and Language of publication on Strawberry research from Horticulture category based on Web of Science

Rank Document type Records %of 2,640 Language Records %of 2,640

1 Article 2603 98.598 English 2426 91.894

2 Proceedings Paper 45 1.705 Korean 68 2.576

3 Review 37 1.402 Japanese 49 1.856

4 Early Access 3 0.114 Portuguese 47 1.78

5 German 35 1.326

6 Spanish 8 0.303

7 French 4 0.152

8 Chinese 3 0.114

Rank	Document type	Records	%of 2,640	Language	Records	%of 2,640
1	Article	2603	98.598	English	2426	91.894
2	Proceedings Paper	45	1.705	Korean	68	2.576
3	Review	37	1.402	Japanese	49	1.856
4	Early Access	3	0.114	Portuguese	47	1.78
5				German	35	1.326
6				Spanish	8	0.303
7				French	4	0.152
8				Chinese	3	0.114

All of the papers were almost published in English (2,426, 91.894 %), and then others were Korean (68, 2.576 %), Japanese (49, 1.856 %), Portuguese (47, 1.78 %), German (35, 1.326 %), Spanish (8, 0.303 %), French (4, 0.152 %), and Chinese (3, 0.114 %), etc. The English was dominating language from the WoS, and scholars tend to publish their articles in English as they want them to be widely accepted. Most of the published documents were in the form of original research articles and English was the most common language used [34].

3.2 Publication output

With the aim of knowing the research trend in strawberry research from Horticulture category based on WoS, a total number of 2,640 article and review publications trend was obtained from the online version of WoS database from 1946 to 2021 (Fig. 1). The highest number of papers (169) were published in 2019. In general, the quantity of strawberry research literature presents a fast growth tendency. The ratio of the publications after 1980, 1990, 2000 and 2010 till 2021 were 91.44 %, 82.765 %, 68.789 %and 46.705 %, respectively. The h-index was initially proposed as a measure of a researcher’s scientific output based on counting the number of publications (N) by that researcher cited N or more times [35]. For the total 2, 640 papers, the h-index is 78, and the average citation per item is 15.4.

Fig. 1

Number of published papers of Strawberry research from Horticulture category based on Web of Science from 1946 to 2021.

3.3 Web of science categories and research areas

For Strawberry research from Horticulture category based on WoS, there are total ten WoS subject categories in the science edition (total 254 categories) and nine research areas. Table 2 shows the all WoS Categories and research areas in the subject of Strawberry research from Horticulture category based on WoS. The top five WoS Categories include Horticulture (2,640, 100 %), Agronomy (581, 22.008 %), Plant Sciences (372, 14.091 %), Food Science Technology (356, 13.485 %), and Genetics Heredity (102, 3.864 %). The top five research areas include Agriculture (2,640, 100 %), Plant Sciences (372, 14.091 %), Food Science Technology (356, 13.485 %), Genetics Heredity (102, 3.864 %), and Nutrition Dietetics (64, 2.424 %). The journals or papers may be classified in two or more categories in the WoS, shows the multidisciplinary character of this research field [36, 37]. Documents are mapped to one or several research areas in WoS. Areas are assigned to publications and then mapped to each document (paper) in a publication. Therefore, publications can be mapped to several different areas. In WoS, publications are also mapped to WoS categories which are more detailed than areas [38].

Table 2
All Web of Science Categories and research area for Strawberry research from Horticulture category based on Web of Science

Rank Web of Science Categories TP Ratio Research Areas TP Ratio

1 Horticulture 2,640 100 Agriculture 2,640 100

2 Agronomy 581 22.008 Plant Sciences 372 14.091

3 Plant Sciences 372 14.091 Food Science Technology 356 13.485

4 Food Science Technology 356 13.485 Genetics Heredity 102 3.864

5 Genetics Heredity 102 3.864 Nutrition Dietetics 64 2.424

6 Nutrition Dietetics 64 2.424 Biotechnology Applied Microbiology 7 0.265

7 Biotechnology Applied Microbiology 7 0.265 Forestry 7 0.265

8 Forestry 7 0.265 Chemistry 1 0.038

9 Chemistry Multidisciplinary 1 0.038 Entomology 1 0.038

10 Entomology 1 0.038

Rank	Web of Science Categories	TP	Ratio	Research Areas	TP	Ratio
1	Horticulture	2,640	100	Agriculture	2,640	100
2	Agronomy	581	22.008	Plant Sciences	372	14.091
3	Plant Sciences	372	14.091	Food Science Technology	356	13.485
4	Food Science Technology	356	13.485	Genetics Heredity	102	3.864
5	Genetics Heredity	102	3.864	Nutrition Dietetics	64	2.424
6	Nutrition Dietetics	64	2.424	Biotechnology Applied Microbiology	7	0.265
7	Biotechnology Applied Microbiology	7	0.265	Forestry	7	0.265
8	Forestry	7	0.265	Chemistry	1	0.038
9	Chemistry Multidisciplinary	1	0.038	Entomology	1	0.038
10	Entomology	1	0.038

TP: total publication; Ratio: Ratio of 2,640 (%).

3.4 Core journals

Based on JCR 2019 data (published in 2020), there are 57 Journals and one book series for Strawberry research from Horticulture category based on WoS. Among these, the one book series is ACS Symposium Series (1). The top 20 core journals were displayed in the Table 3 with total articles each more than 38 papers, Journal impact factor as IF 2019 and IF 5 year, rank and Quartile in Category.

Table 3
Top 20 Journals on Strawberry research from Horticulture category based on Web of Science

Rank Journal TP Ratio IF 2019 IF5 year QC

1 Hortscience 360 13.636 1.102 1.19 Q3

2 Scientia Horticulturae 322 12.197 2.769 2.844 Q1

3 Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 248 9.394 0.952 1.378 Q3

4 Postharvest Biology and Technology 236 8.939 4.303 4.765 Q1

5 Journal of Horticultural Science Biotechnology 134 5.076 1.16 1.191 Q2

6 Horticulture Journal (Journal of the Japanese Society for Horticultural Science) 128 4.053 1.176 1.157 Q2

7 Horticultural Science Technology (Korean Journal of Horticultural Science Technology) 98 2.879 0.695 0.695 Q3

8 European Journal of Plant Pathology 86 3.258 1.582 1.732 Q2

9 Horttechnology 81 3.068 0.668 0.729 Q3

10 Proceedings of the American Society for Horticultural Science 65 2.462

11 Journal of Berry Research 64 2.424 2.208 2.495 Q2

12 Fruit Varieties Journal 61 2.311

13 Euphytica 55 2.083 1.614 1.883 Q2

14 Revista Brasileira De Fruticultura 47 1.78 0.614 0.849 Q4

15 Horticultura Brasileira 46 1.742 0.523 0.724 Q4

16 Journal of Horticultural Science 45 1.705

17 Theoretical and Applied Genetics 40 1.515 4.439 4.603 Q1

18 European Journal of Horticultural Science 39 1.477 1.182 1.046 Q2

19 Horticulture Environment and Biotechnology 39 1.477 1.586 1.606 Q2

20 Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus 38 1.439 0.616 0.715 Q4

Rank	Journal	TP	Ratio	IF 2019	IF5 year	QC
1	Hortscience	360	13.636	1.102	1.19	Q3
2	Scientia Horticulturae	322	12.197	2.769	2.844	Q1
3	Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science	248	9.394	0.952	1.378	Q3
4	Postharvest Biology and Technology	236	8.939	4.303	4.765	Q1
5	Journal of Horticultural Science Biotechnology	134	5.076	1.16	1.191	Q2
6	Horticulture Journal (Journal of the Japanese Society for Horticultural Science)	128	4.053	1.176	1.157	Q2
7	Horticultural Science Technology (Korean Journal of Horticultural Science Technology)	98	2.879	0.695	0.695	Q3
8	European Journal of Plant Pathology	86	3.258	1.582	1.732	Q2
9	Horttechnology	81	3.068	0.668	0.729	Q3
10	Proceedings of the American Society for Horticultural Science	65	2.462
11	Journal of Berry Research	64	2.424	2.208	2.495	Q2
12	Fruit Varieties Journal	61	2.311
13	Euphytica	55	2.083	1.614	1.883	Q2
14	Revista Brasileira De Fruticultura	47	1.78	0.614	0.849	Q4
15	Horticultura Brasileira	46	1.742	0.523	0.724	Q4
16	Journal of Horticultural Science	45	1.705
17	Theoretical and Applied Genetics	40	1.515	4.439	4.603	Q1
18	European Journal of Horticultural Science	39	1.477	1.182	1.046	Q2
19	Horticulture Environment and Biotechnology	39	1.477	1.586	1.606	Q2
20	Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus	38	1.439	0.616	0.715	Q4

TP: total publication, Ratio of 2,640 (%), IF2019 and IF 5 years. QC: Quartile in Category. Data were from the 2020 edition of Journal Citation Reports.

The top 5 Journals, top 10, top 15 and top 20 Journals published about 49.242 %, 66.591 %, 76.932 %and 84.545 %of the total papers, respectively. The top five Journals are Hortscience (360, 13.636 %), Scientia Horticulturae (322, 12.197 %), Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science (248, 9.394 %), Postharvest Biology and Technology (236, 8.939 %), and Journal of Horticultural Science Biotechnology (134, 5.076 %), each published more than 134 papers. In general, we combined the current and formerly Journal title as one (Table 3), but the total number of Journals in the WoS were calculated separately. Based on results of Table 3, among the top 20 journals, three journals are in Quartile 1, seven journals in Quartile 2, four journals in Quartile 3, three journals in Quartile 4 in Category. White-Gibson et al. (2019) have also demonstrated the importance of publishing in the English language and in a journal with a high impact factor. Citation analysis is not a measurement of scientific quality, but it is reflective of the importance [39].

According to the publication data in the citation of 57 journals, there were 44 journals meet the thresholds of 5 publications. The network of citation in the field of Strawberry research from Horticulture category based on WoS is shown seven clusters with different colors in Fig. 2, the size of circles reflects a total number of journal publication records. The seven cluster colors from 1 to 7 are red, green, blue, yellow, violet, shallow blue and orange. Journals in the same cluster usually suggested that they published the similar content papers and had close relations with each other.

Fig. 2

Network visualization maps of citation journals in Strawberry research from Horticulture category based on Web of Science with 44 nodes and 7 clusters.

3.5 Authors co-authorship analysis

In general, internationally collaborative articles had the highest visibility and scientific impact followed by inter-institutional collaborative articles, single-country articles and single-author articles, respectively [40]. According to the publication data, it was revealed that a total of 6,807 authors published 2,640 publications, there were 233 authors meet the thresholds of 5 publications, but only 52 authors were connected to each other. The network of authorship in the field of Network visualization maps of authors of Strawberry research from Horticulture category based on WoS is shown in Fig. 3, the size of circles reflects a total number of records. Authors in the same cluster usually suggested that they studied in a similar field and had close cooperation with each other.

Fig. 3

Network visualization maps of authors of Strawberry research from Horticulture category based on Web of Science.

Table 4 provided the top 19 authors published more than 16 papers, and also lay the citations, average citations, organization-enhenced and Countries. Though we combined the same author with the different spell, but the total number of authors were calculated separately. Top 5 authors are Hancock, James F. (Hancock, JF); Shaw, DV; Chandler, Craig K. (Chandler, CK); Whitaker, Vance M.; Choi, Jong Myung, each published more than 28 papers. Top 5 authors with higher citations per paper are Breen, PJ; Simpson, D.W. (Simpson, DW); Maas, JL; Galletta, GJ; Sonsteby, Anita (Sonsteby, A.), average citations per paper are more than 22.39 times. The top 19 authors are mainly from USA. There are 12 authors from USA, South Korea and Japan are each with 2 authors, Norway, England and Germany are each with 1 author.

Table 4

The top 19 most prolific authors published papers in the field of Strawberry research from Horticulture category based on Web of Science

Rank	Author	Papers	Citations	Avg. citations	Organizations	Country
1	Hancock, James F. (Hancock, JF)	45	840	18.67	Michigan State Univ	USA
2	Shaw, DV	42	646	15.38	Univ Calif Davis	USA
3	Chandler, Craig K. (Chandler, CK)	31	371	11.97	Univ Florida	USA
4	Whitaker, Vance M.	30	308	10.27	Univ Florida	USA
5	Choi, Jong Myung	28	66	2.36	Chungnam Natl Univ	South Korea
6	Galletta, GJ	26	585	22.50	USDA ARS	USA
7	Maas, JL	22	526	23.91	USDA ARS	USA
8	Lewers, Kim S.(Lewers, K.S.;Lewers, KS)	20	439	21.95	USDA ARS	USA
9	Sonsteby, Anita (Sonsteby, A.)	18	403	22.39	Norwegian Inst Bioecon Res	Norway
10	Pritts, Marvin P. (Pritts, MP)	18	150	8.33	Hort Sect Sch Integrat Plant Sci	USA
11	Larson, KD	18	221	12.28	Univ Calif Davis	USA
12	Albregts, EE	18	205	11.39	Univ Florida	USA
13	Finn, Chad E.	17	200	11.76	USDA ARS	USA
14	Breen, PJ	17	818	48.12	Oregon State Univ	USA
15	Yoshida, Yuichi (Yoshida, Y)	16	84	5.25	Okayama Univ	Japan
16	Simpson, D. W.(Simpson, DW)	16	483	30.19	NIAB EMR	England
17	Nishizawa, T	16	98	6.13	Yamagata Univ	Japan
18	Lenz, F	16	111	6.94	Univ Bonn	Germany
19	Lee, Jong Nam	16	36	2.25	Natl Inst Crop Sci	South Korea

3.6 Countries/regions co-authorship analysis

There are 77 countries or regions contributing the 2,640 papers in this study. Table 5 represent the lists of the top 20 countries/regions that the published more than 29 papers, and also show the cluster, total link strength, citations and average citations. Among 20 countries, USA, Peoples R China, Japan, South Korea, Brazil are the five most papers country. In case of the average citations, France, Spain, Argentina, New Zealand and England show the higher citations per paper.

Table 5
Top 20 countries/regions publishing papers in the field of Strawberry research from Horticulture category based on Web of Science

Rank Countries/Regions Records Cluster Total link strength Citations Avg. citations

1 USA 654 8 177 11879 18.16

2 Peoples R China 192 10 55 2546 13.26

3 Japan 150 4 28 1493 9.95

4 South Korea 149 4 25 1089 7.31

5 Brazil 125 5 18 1043 8.34

6 Spain 105 5 66 3124 29.75

7 Canada 95 6 47 1791 18.85

8 Italy 85 2 78 1864 21.93

9 England 75 7 51 1828 24.37

10 Germany 65 1 50 795 12.23

11 Poland 64 9 24 464 7.25

12 Turkey 61 2 37 1231 20.18

13 India 57 3 4 868 15.23

14 Australia 48 3 23 1003 20.90

15 Iran 48 2 10 706 14.71

16 Argentina 43 8 8 1162 27.02

17 Norway 39 2 11 713 18.28

18 France 33 5 32 1523 46.15

19 New Zealand 30 6 18 790 26.33

20 Mexico 29 7 14 253 8.72

Rank	Countries/Regions	Records	Cluster	Total link strength	Citations	Avg. citations
1	USA	654	8	177	11879	18.16
2	Peoples R China	192	10	55	2546	13.26
3	Japan	150	4	28	1493	9.95
4	South Korea	149	4	25	1089	7.31
5	Brazil	125	5	18	1043	8.34
6	Spain	105	5	66	3124	29.75
7	Canada	95	6	47	1791	18.85
8	Italy	85	2	78	1864	21.93
9	England	75	7	51	1828	24.37
10	Germany	65	1	50	795	12.23
11	Poland	64	9	24	464	7.25
12	Turkey	61	2	37	1231	20.18
13	India	57	3	4	868	15.23
14	Australia	48	3	23	1003	20.90
15	Iran	48	2	10	706	14.71
16	Argentina	43	8	8	1162	27.02
17	Norway	39	2	11	713	18.28
18	France	33	5	32	1523	46.15
19	New Zealand	30	6	18	790	26.33
20	Mexico	29	7	14	253	8.72

We developed the international country co-authorship network map using VOSviewer software (Fig. 4). There are 48 countries/regions that met the requirement threshold as five, and connected to each other. The VOSviewer software divided these 48 countries/regions into 10 clusters with different colors, the size of circles reflects a total number of records and the distance between the countries indicates the strength of relationships. The different colors group, the different clusters formed by sets of countries. Distance between the countries indicates the strength of relationships.

Fig. 4

The country co-authorship network of Strawberry research from Horticulture category based on Web of Science with 48 nodes and 10 clusters.

According to Fig. 4, the first cluster consisted of 8 countries and regions (red color), Germany, Denmark, Serbia, Austria, Switzerland, Croatia, Romania, Slovenia. The second cluster consisted of 7 countries or regions (green color), Italy, Turkey, Iran, Norway, Greece, Finland, Hungary. The third cluster consisted of 6 countries (blue color), India, Australia, Scotland, Israel, Thailand, South Africa. The fourth cluster consisted of 5 countries and regions (yellow color), Japan, South Korea, Bangladesh, Sweden, Vietnam. The fifth cluster consisted of 5 countries (violet), Brazil, Spain, France, Portugal, Ireland. The sixth cluster consisted of 5 countries (shallow blue), Canada, New Zealand, Netherlands, Belgium, Czech Republic. The seventh cluster consisted of 4 countries (orange), England, Mexico, Pakistan, Tunisia. The eighth cluster consisted of 4 countries and regions (crown), USA, Argentina, Chile, Taiwan. The ninth cluster consisted of 2 countries (pink) of Poland and Estonia. The tenth cluster consisted of 2 countries of Peoples R China and Egypt. More cooperation could bring more advanced achievements in scientific research. Therefore, geographical location is an important factor that determines international cooperation. Nowadays, increasing international exchanges have promoted academic communications [41].

3.7 Organizations co-authorship analysis

According to the publication data, it was revealed that a total of 1,504 organizations published 2,640 publications. Organization co-authorship analysis reflects the degree of communication between institutions as well as the influential institutions in this field [42]. Table 6 represents the top 20 organizations and institutions that the publications were above 19 papers ranked by the number of total publications, and also show the total link strength, citations, average citations and country. We combined the same organization with the different spell, but the total organization numbers in the WoS were calculated by separately. These organizations are mainly focused in USA with 10 organizations; South Korea with 4 organizations; China with 3 organizations; Canada with 2 organizations; and Univ Talca of Chile. Univ Florida, Univ Calif Davis, USDA ARS, ARS, Michigan State Univ are the five most paper organizations. The organizations of Oregon State Univ, Univ Calif Davis, Zhejiang Univ, Cornell Univ and Univ Talca show the higher average citations.

Table 6
Top 20 organizations publishing papers in the field of strawberry research from Horticulture category based on Web of Science

Rank Organizations Cluster Records TLS Citations Avg. C Country

1 USDA (ARS) 6 137 171 2520 18.39 USA

2 Univ Florida 12 125 81 1938 15.50 USA

3 Univ Calif Davis 10 86 44 2401 27.92 USA

4 Michigan State Univ 6 55 85 1098 19.96 USA

5 Chungnam Natl Univ 1 35 28 147 4.20 South Korea

6 N (North) Carolina State Univ 4 35 31 457 13.06 USA

7 Natl Inst Hort &Herbal Sci 1 34 43 206 6.06 South Korea

8 Oregon State Univ 6 32 34 937 29.28 USA

9 Cornell Univ 3 31 23 713 23.00 USA

10 Univ Minnesota 6 29 59 410 14.14 USA

11 Washington State Univ 13 29 35 300 10.34 USA

12 Gyeongsang Natl Univ 1 26 29 175 6.73 South Korea

13 Univ Guelph 9 26 15 389 14.96 Canada

14 Agr &Agri Food Canada 9 25 21 528 21.12 Canada

15 China Agr Univ 2 20 6 155 7.75 China

16 Nanjing Agr Univ 3 20 12 196 9.80 China

17 Seoul Natl Univ 1 20 12 107 5.35 South Korea

18 Univ Maryland 3 20 27 205 10.25 USA

19 Zhejiang Univ 3 20 6 495 24.75 China

20 Univ Talca 2 19 14 426 22.42 Chile

Rank	Organizations	Cluster	Records	TLS	Citations	Avg. C	Country
1	USDA (ARS)	6	137	171	2520	18.39	USA
2	Univ Florida	12	125	81	1938	15.50	USA
3	Univ Calif Davis	10	86	44	2401	27.92	USA
4	Michigan State Univ	6	55	85	1098	19.96	USA
5	Chungnam Natl Univ	1	35	28	147	4.20	South Korea
6	N (North) Carolina State Univ	4	35	31	457	13.06	USA
7	Natl Inst Hort &Herbal Sci	1	34	43	206	6.06	South Korea
8	Oregon State Univ	6	32	34	937	29.28	USA
9	Cornell Univ	3	31	23	713	23.00	USA
10	Univ Minnesota	6	29	59	410	14.14	USA
11	Washington State Univ	13	29	35	300	10.34	USA
12	Gyeongsang Natl Univ	1	26	29	175	6.73	South Korea
13	Univ Guelph	9	26	15	389	14.96	Canada
14	Agr &Agri Food Canada	9	25	21	528	21.12	Canada
15	China Agr Univ	2	20	6	155	7.75	China
16	Nanjing Agr Univ	3	20	12	196	9.80	China
17	Seoul Natl Univ	1	20	12	107	5.35	South Korea
18	Univ Maryland	3	20	27	205	10.25	USA
19	Zhejiang Univ	3	20	6	495	24.75	China
20	Univ Talca	2	19	14	426	22.42	Chile

TLS: Total link strength; Avg. C: Average citations.

Among the total 1,504 organizations, there were 165 organizations met the minimum thresholds of five, but 139 organizations connected to each other (Fig. 5). The VOSviewer software divided these 139 institutes into 15 clusters with different colors. Within the context of network formation, organizations tend to form bonds with other institutions in the same region. Geographical localization is an important factor for partnership and joint venture. Therefore, there is a heavy presence of intra-institutional relationships within the scientific network on publications.

Fig. 5

The organizations co-authorship network of Strawberry research from Horticulture category based on Web of Science.

3.8 All Keywords co-occurrence analysis

Figure 6 shows the network map that links the all keywords to the entire sample of the articles analyzed. Among the all 7,332 keywords, only 753 keywords met the threshold level of more than five times included in the map. There are eight main clusters that represent different viewpoints on Strawberry (Fragaria×ananassa Duch.) research from Horticulture category based on WoS. The top twenty co-occurrence keywords were strawberry, fragaria x ananassa, quality, growth, cultivars, yield, fragaria x ananassa, fruit, temperature, plants, storage, identification, strawberry fruit, strawberries, resistance, fragaria, expression, photoperiod, anthocyanins, fruit quality, etc.

Fig. 6

VOSviewer co-occurrence Network visualization mapping of most frequent all keywords (minimum of 5 occurrences) in Strawberry research from Horticulture category based on Web of Science.

The same data were then arranged by a period of Strawberry (Fragaria×ananassa Duch.) research as overlay map (Fig. 7). Blue colors indicate earlier research topics, whereas, yellow and green colors indicate more recent topics of interest. The blue colored topics do not indicate no longer research work on that topics. It usually indicates that, on average, this topic was intensely investigated earlier and now more attention has shifted towards other topics.

Fig. 7

VOSviewer co-occurrence overlay visualization mapping of most frequent all keywords (minimum of 5 occurrences) in Strawberry research from Horticulture category based on Web of Science.

The top 20 keywords were list and ranked in each cluster (Fig. 6).

The first cluster (Red) is focused on plants growth and fruit-quality, including keyword terms as growth, plants, leaves, photosynthesis, fruit-quality, responses, apple, stress, nitrogen, plant-growth, tolerance, micropropagation, propagation, calcium, salinity, water, fragaria-chiloensis, greenhouse, regeneration, induction, etc.

The second cluster (Green) represents the strawberry diseases and biocontrol management, keyword terms ranked as fragaria x ananassa, resistance, botrytis-cinerea, botrytis cinerea, anthracnose, management, infection, soil, fragaria ananassa, gray mold, fruit breeding, biological-control, chloropicrin, rot, in-vitro, methyl bromide, disease, diseases, pathogens, methyl-bromide, etc.

The third cluster (blue) is focused on strawberries fruit quality changes during storage, including keyword terms as quality, fruit, storage, strawberries, ethylene, shelf-life, firmness, decay, postharvest, vegetables, flavor, aroma, chitosan, shelf life, atmospheres, cold-storage, life, respiration, ananassa, ascorbic-acid, etc.

The fourth cluster (yellow) represents strawberry breeding and identification, keyword terms ranked as fragaria x ananassa, identification, fragaria, inheritance, disease resistance, linkage map, diversity, selection, breeding, fragaria-x-ananassa, genetic diversity, genome, genotypes, heritability, peach, traits, rosaceae, microsatellite markers, germplasm, etc.

The fifth cluster (violet) is focused on cultivars methods affecting fruit yield and quality, including keyword terms as cultivars, yield, temperature, photoperiod, fruit quality, light, fragaria x ananassa duch., performance, fruit yield, flowering, system, vegetative growth, field, productivity, irrigation, plasticulture, flower, junebearing, plastic mulch, fruit production, etc.

The sixth cluster (shallow blue) is focused on fruit anthocyanins and antioxidant capacity, keyword terms ranked as anthocyanins, antioxidant capacity, fruits, antioxidant activity, phenolics, anthocyanin, phenolic-compounds, acid, color, capacity, cultivar, antioxidant, vitamin-c, berries, flavonoids, fragaria x ananassa duch, ascorbic acid, phenolic compounds, sugars, acids, et al.

The seventh cluster (orange) is focused on strawberry fruit biosynthesis and gene-expression, keyword terms as strawberry, strawberry fruit, expression, metabolism, tomato, biosynthesis, accumulation, gene, gene-expression, tomato fruit, Arabidopsis, ripening, arabidopsis-thaliana, plant, enzymes, genes, softening, gene expression, protein, abscisic-acid, etc.

The eighth cluster (brown) is focused on physiological and biochemical reaction to stress, keyword terms as phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, salicylic-acid, antioxidant enzymes, oxidative stress, hydrogen-peroxide, induced resistance, methyl jasmonate, peroxidase, radiation, polyphenol oxidase, irradiation, salt stress, superoxide-dismutase, damage, UV-c, ethylene production, lipid-peroxidation, antioxidant enzyme, ascorbate, cell-wall, etc.

3.9 Top papers based on essential science indicators (ESI)

Top papers are the sum of hot papers and highly cited papers, based on Clarivate Analytics’ Essential Science Indicators (ESI). Highly cited paper is a paper that belongs to the top 1%of papers in a research field published in a specified year. The 1 %is determined by the highly cited threshold calculated for the research field in the specified year. Hot paper is a paper published in the past two years that received a number of citations in the most recent two-month period that places it in the top 0.1%of papers in the same field. Here, the Essential Science Indicators database covers over a 10-year and 10-month period: January 1, 2010 - October 31, 2020.

Based on ESI database, these top papers are six highly cited papers, with one hot paper (Table 7). These six top papers are all published in Postharvest Biology and Technology. The paper wrote by Yan et al. (2019) are both highly cited papers and hot paper [47].

Table 7
Top papers of 6 highly cited papers and hot paper based on ESI

Rank References TC ACPY

1 Perdones, A.; Sanchez-Gonzalez, L.; Chiralt, A.; Vargas, M. 2012. Effect of chitosan-lemon essential oil coatings on storage-keeping quality of strawberry. Postharvest Biology and Technology 70: 32–41. 198 19.8

2 Gol, Neeta B.; Patel, Pooja R.; Rao, T. V. Ramana, 2013. Improvement of quality and shelf-life of strawberries with edible coatings enriched with chitosan. Postharvest Biology and Technology 85: 185–195. 159 17.67

3 Sogvar, Ommol Banin; Saba, Mahmoud Koushesh; Emamifar, Aryou, 2016. Aloe vera and ascorbic acid coatings maintain postharvest quality and reduce microbial load of strawberry fruit. Postharvest Biology and Technology 114: 29–35. 99 16.5

4 Liu, Changhong; Zheng, Huanhuan; Sheng, Kangliang; Liu, Wei; Zheng, Lei, 2018. Effects of melatonin treatment on the postharvest quality of strawberry fruit. Postharvest Biology and Technology 139: 47–55. 66 16.5

5 Yan, Jiawei; Luo, Zisheng; Ban, Zhaojun; Lu, Hongyan; Li, Dong; Yang, Dongmei; Aghdam, Morteza Soleimani; Li, Li, 2019. The effect of the layer-by-layer (LBL) edible coating on strawberry quality and metabolites during storage. Postharvest Biology and Technology 147: 29–38. 53 17.67

6 Siedliska, Anna; Baranowski, Piotr; Zubik, Monika; Mazurek, Wojciech; Sosnowska, Bozena, 2018. Detection of fungal infections in strawberry fruit by VNIR/SWIR hyperspectral imaging. Postharvest Biology and Technology 139: 115–126. 51 12.75

Rank	References	TC	ACPY
1	Perdones, A.; Sanchez-Gonzalez, L.; Chiralt, A.; Vargas, M. 2012. Effect of chitosan-lemon essential oil coatings on storage-keeping quality of strawberry. Postharvest Biology and Technology 70: 32–41.	198	19.8
2	Gol, Neeta B.; Patel, Pooja R.; Rao, T. V. Ramana, 2013. Improvement of quality and shelf-life of strawberries with edible coatings enriched with chitosan. Postharvest Biology and Technology 85: 185–195.	159	17.67
3	Sogvar, Ommol Banin; Saba, Mahmoud Koushesh; Emamifar, Aryou, 2016. Aloe vera and ascorbic acid coatings maintain postharvest quality and reduce microbial load of strawberry fruit. Postharvest Biology and Technology 114: 29–35.	99	16.5
4	Liu, Changhong; Zheng, Huanhuan; Sheng, Kangliang; Liu, Wei; Zheng, Lei, 2018. Effects of melatonin treatment on the postharvest quality of strawberry fruit. Postharvest Biology and Technology 139: 47–55.	66	16.5
5	Yan, Jiawei; Luo, Zisheng; Ban, Zhaojun; Lu, Hongyan; Li, Dong; Yang, Dongmei; Aghdam, Morteza Soleimani; Li, Li, 2019. The effect of the layer-by-layer (LBL) edible coating on strawberry quality and metabolites during storage. Postharvest Biology and Technology 147: 29–38.	53	17.67
6	Siedliska, Anna; Baranowski, Piotr; Zubik, Monika; Mazurek, Wojciech; Sosnowska, Bozena, 2018. Detection of fungal infections in strawberry fruit by VNIR/SWIR hyperspectral imaging. Postharvest Biology and Technology 139: 115–126.	51	12.75

TC: Total Citations; ACPY: Average citation per year.

3.10 The most frequently cited articles

Citation analysis has been employed as a supplementary index to determine the impact of scientific studies, and to identify studies, researchers and the most renowned institutions dealing with the theme. Although a great many articles have been published, a relatively small number of individuals account for a large proportion of the citations within the period. Here, the total citations for the most eight frequently cited articles are more than 203 times, which authors were Cheng and Breen (1991), Dirlewanger et al. (2002), Han et al. (2004), Hazarika (2006), Assis et al. (2001), Ribeiro et al. (2007), Pesis (2005), and Gorny et al. (2002) in Figure 8 [49 –56]. It can be found that the citation per year of the papers increased till to 2020, but the increase rate is different. The citations per year is still increased for the paper (blue line) published in Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science and wrote by Cheng and Breen (1991) [49], and the average citations per year is the highest value as 22.3 (red line) in the 8 papers. The number of citations to a paper is considered a good quantitative measure of a paper’s impact.

Fig. 8

Comparison of the citations per year of the most eight papers from their initial publications to March 16, 2021.

4 Conclusions

This study analyzed 2,640 article and review type papers of strawberry research from horticulture category based on the Web of Science, papers mainly written in English (91.894 %), were from 6,807 authors, 77 countries/territories, 1,504 organizations and published in 57 Journals and book series. Top 5 core journals ranked as Hortscience, Scientia Horticulturae, Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, Postharvest Biology and Technology and Journal of Horticultural Science Biotechnology. Top 5 countries and regions were USA, Peoples R China, Japan, South Korea and Brazil. Top 5 organizations were Univ Florida, Univ Calif Davis, USDA ARS, ARS and Michigan State Univ. Top 5 authors are Hancock James F, Shaw DV, Chandler Craig K, Whitaker Vance M, Choi Jong Myung. All keywords of the strawberry research from horticulture Category were separated eight clusters for different research topics. This work is useful for student identifying graduate schools and researchers selecting journals.

Footnotes

Acknowledgments

The authors have no acknowledgments.

Funding

The authors report no funding.

Conflict of interest

The authors have no conflict of interest to report.

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