The conservation and utilization of museum relics based on internet of things and fuzzy control

Abstract

With the development of Internet of Things and fuzzy control theory, there are new opportunities for the conservation and utilization of museum artifacts. The traditional way of heritage restoration lacks the overall harmony of heritage restoration, which leads to the stagnation of heritage restoration level. At the same time, traditional heritage conservation is also limited to manual management, which seriously hinders the development of the overall level of museums. Artifacts are of great commemorative and research value and are objects that have been handed down to mankind for thousands of years and have been subjected to the natural environment for a long time before being excavated. Heritage conservation requires not only restoring artifacts to the greatest extent possible, but also securing the environment in which they are displayed and stored to ensure that they can be preserved for as long as possible. But the following problems exist in the conservation of cultural relics (1) the lack of strict standards for the environment in which cultural relics are stored. (2) the professional competence of the staff is not strong. (3) The lack of a strict management system (4) heritage conservation technology is backward. To solve these problems our team constructed a fuzzy control method based on fuzzy control theory to assist in the restoration of cultural relics. The model constructed by fuzzy control theory solves this problem. The fuzzy control theory constructs a model for restoration of cultural relics, taking into account the overall harmony of the relics and the accuracy of the points, which is of great significance for the restoration of museum relics. At the same time through the Internet of Things technology to build a library heritage protection system, the main content of the system is (1) the use of Internet of Things technology to build a security protection system for cultural relics (2) the use of Internet of Things technology to detect the storage environment of cultural relics (3) the use of Internet of Things technology to optimize the management process of cultural relics (4) the use of Internet of Things technology to achieve real-time monitoring of the flow of information on cultural relics. And based on this, suggestions are made to (1) improve the museum heritage protection and utilization system (2) improve the infrastructure of museum heritage protection and build a good environment for heritage storage (3) improve the quality of heritage managers. The model constructed in the article has been tested in practice and is feasible, with certain practical and theoretical values.

Keywords

Internet of Things fuzzy control museum conservation and utilization

1. Introduction

Fuzzy control has emerged with the development of industrial society. As the complexity of the system increases, the control strategy of traditional control theory pursuing accuracy is difficult to meet the development needs of industrial systems. The traditional control theory pursues accuracy, and this theory can perfectly solve the control problems of simpler systems, but if the system is more complex, the pursuit of accuracy by the traditional control theory will lead to inefficient system computing work, resulting in low system efficiency. At the same time, the designer of the system is proficient in computer expertise, but the operator of the system often does not know much about computer knowledge. If the designer designs a complex and fine control method, it may lead to the operator’s inability to understand it. For these reasons, fuzzy control theory was born. Fuzzy control theory believes that the complexity of system control is relative to its precision, and that the complexity of the system is determined by industrial development and is a force majeure factor, so we must give up the precision of system control to accommodate the development of its complexity. Fuzzy control theory can realize the system that allows the operator to control the system effectively without mastering the internal realization principle of the system, so that the human brain becomes the controller of the system instead of the precise instruments. As shown in Fig. 1, the application model of fuzzy control theory is as follows [1, 2].

Figure 1.

Application model of fuzzy control theory.

Fuzzy control theory is a new control method developed on the basis of fuzzy set theory, fuzzy language theory and fuzzy control logic reasoning methods. In system design and modeling, the control method abstracts the attributes of system data, describes its characteristics in fuzzy language, simulates human thinking process, and uses fuzzy inference rules for reasoning to make decisions. Fuzzy control theory was born in 1965 in a paper on fuzzy sets, and nowadays it has developed rapidly. In the 21st century fuzzy control theory has been widely applied to control and touch systems, pattern recognition, medicine, game theory and other fields, and the birth of fuzzy control theory has greatly promoted the development of these fields [3, 4]. With the enrichment of fuzzy theory knowledge, fuzzy control theory combined with soft computing, neural networks and other algorithms have contributed to the development of various industries. There have been mature theoretical results on fuzzy control theory by previous authors, but the related research has not been involved in the conservation of museum artifacts. Fuzzy control theory also has a wide range of application prospects in the conservation of museum artifacts. Nowadays, the evaluation criteria of national strength are not limited to economic strength and military strength. The cultural competition among countries is becoming more and more fierce. The stronger the national cultural strength, the more discourse power and initiative in the international cultural industry competition. Therefore, in order to improve the national cultural soft power and inherit the traditional culture, China has put forward the strategy of cultural power. Doing a good job in the preventive protection of cultural relics in the collection can prolong the life of cultural relics, retain cultural traditions, help to improve China ’s international influence and competitiveness, make China occupy the commanding heights of cultural development, and thus grasp the initiative of international competition.

Internet has been widely used in several emerging fields since its birth. Internet of Things technology combines knowledge in the field of computing and communication, knowledge in the field of communication, and knowledge in the field of information processing, and finally uses miniature sensors everywhere for real-time monitoring, collecting various information about the environment and people through sensors, and performing preliminary processing of information through miniature processing systems embedded inside the sensors, and transmitting the information to the central controller through the communication The information is initially processed by the micro-processing system embedded inside the sensor and transmitted to the central controller through the communication network. The Internet of Things technology is developing rapidly and is widely used in smart home and green agriculture. Museum heritage management is also one of the application areas of the Internet, but the level of Internet heritage management has not been significantly improved [5]. Therefore, at this stage, the optimization of museum heritage conservation strategies based on the Internet of Things and fuzzy control technology can significantly improve the comprehensive level of museums. The Internet’s information perception, data transmission, data analysis functions and its real-time processing functions. All play an important role in the whole process of heritage conservation.

Based on the Internet of Things and fuzzy control technology, this paper studies the measures for the protection and utilization of museum cultural relics. The article draws the status quo of the protection and utilization of museum cultural relics from multiple perspectives, namely, the lack of strict standards for the environment in which cultural relics are stored, the lack of professional ability of staff, and the lack of strict management system. Then the model of this paper is constructed. The traditional fuzzy control scheme pursues precision and the restoration of cultural relics is difficult. Using fuzzy control technology to repair, the elements of cultural relics restoration are abstracted through fuzzy sets to obtain the feature elements of fuzzy restoration. Moreover, due to the pursuit of accuracy in the repair method, the calculation of the model point is large and consumes huge time resources. At the same time, the traditional repair scheme only considers the accuracy of the point, but ignores the overall harmony. The model constructed by fuzzy control theory solves this problem. The fuzzy control theory is used to construct the restoration model of cultural relics, which takes into account the overall harmony of cultural relics and the accuracy of points. It is of great significance to the restoration of cultural relics in museums.

2. Status of conservation and utilization of museum relics

Artifacts have a high commemorative and research value, and are objects that have been handed down to mankind for thousands of years and have been subjected to natural environmental erosion for a long time before being excavated. Heritage conservation requires not only restoring artifacts to the greatest extent possible, but also safeguarding the environment in which they are displayed and stored to ensure that they can be preserved for as long as possible. Heritage conservation is one of the most important aspects of a museum’s work, and it must be matched with a professional team, endowed with specialized knowledge, and handled and stored specifically according to the characteristics of the artifact [6, 7]. China is a large country with 5000 years of history, the number of cultural relics in China ranks among the top in the world, but there are still some problems in the protection of cultural relics in China, such as the lack of industry norms for the protection of cultural relics, heritage protection infrastructure is backward and other problems.

2.1 The lack of strict standards for the environment in which cultural relics are stored

Some cultural relics must be preserved in a specific temperature and humidity environment due to their special materials in order to maintain their original appearance and continue to circulate. For example, some written cultural relics, if the preservation of the environment is too humid, it may make it rotten, some metal relics are particularly sensitive to temperature and heat, long-term in an unsuitable environment, may make it lose its original style. But some museums currently focus their work on communication activities and promotional activities, in the work related to heritage conservation, investing less money and expending less energy. For the depot environment does not pay attention to, resulting in some cultural relics rot damage, loss of its collection value. Some museums due to limited warehouse space leading to crowded storage of cultural relics, cultural relics placed at random. Poor sealing of storage cabinets, a variety of cultural relics stored together, these phenomena will accelerate the corruption of cultural relics aging, is not conducive to the promotion of heritage conservation work [8].

2.2 Staff professional competence is not strong

Museum is the protection of cultural relics and the use of public welfare organizations, its responsibility is not only the protection and storage of cultural relics, and the restoration of cultural relics classification, professional identification and other operations, which requires not only the staff responsible for the management of cultural relics in the museum, but also need to be able to identify cultural relics, restoration of cultural relics, the excavation of cultural relics of professional talent. At the same time, cultural relics due to its historical value, scientific research value, etc., its storage of actual multifaceted knowledge, the storage environment of cultural relics, including temperature, humidity, light, etc. need professional researchers after experiments to precision calculations [9]. However, at present, some museums only have daily inspections and management personnel, the lack of professional talent, forcing the protection of cultural relics only at the management level, some excavated cultural relics often due to the lack of professional repair has been the appropriate storage environment leading to its loss of value. Museum staff professional competence is not strong is a major obstacle to the protection and use of cultural relics.

2.3 Lack of strict management system

Artifacts from excavation to exhibition in the museum is a long process, according to statistics, the proportion of cultural relics damaged from excavation to display process is as high as 35%, which shows that the lack of strict management system in some museums, resulting in the lack of strict norms for the excavation process, the staff at will, resulting in a much higher rate of damage to cultural relics. Heritage in the process of transportation and storage, due to the lack of reasonable protection measures, resulting in the erosion of cultural relics by the environment, which brings a certain loss of cultural relics, at the same time, in the display of the link, due to the negligence of the management staff, cultural relics by the characters of artificial damage is also possible, which shows that some of China’s museums in the management system and workflow needs to be further standardized.

2.4 Heritage protection technology backward

Most museums in China on the protection of cultural relics and the use of the concept is relatively backward, the technical means is not advanced enough, the museum protection of cultural relics focus on monitoring and security through, which can be somewhat to avoid human theft and damage, but it does not do personalized protection of cultural relics, the lack of scientific assessment, not according to the state of cultural relics materials to give specific protection of environmental conditions lead to accelerated aging corrosion of cultural relics, etc.. The team conducted statistics on the excavated artifact data of a museum to get the threat factors in the excavation process of artifacts, the threats encountered in the excavation process of artifacts can be divided into several aspects shown in Fig. 2, while the possibility of artifacts encountering threat factors in the excavation process by Fig. 2 is 40% higher, which indicates that the protection of cultural relics in China is not optimistic, and China must develop relevant measures to promote the protection and use of cultural relics [10, 11].

Figure 2.

Threat factors for excavation of artifacts.

3. Museum heritage restoration model

Cultural relics are non-renewable, and we can only restore them to the greatest extent possible to preserve them for a long time. Cultural relics after thousands or even hundreds of years of acid rain, light, insects and other factors of erosion, most of them have been damaged, especially some of the paper and wood type of cultural relics. Traditional restoration of cultural relics can only be cleaned and reshaped on the surface, but there is nothing that can be done about the missing parts. The restoration of cultural relics has its historical value, so we can only restore them to the best of our ability, and at the same time, we should follow their history in the restoration process, taking into account their historical background, the author’s style of work, and other factors.

The International Centre for the Conservation and Restoration of Cultural Relics (ICCROM) and the Smithsonian Institution have proposed ‘repositories’ (RE-ORG) and ‘elastic storage’ methods of work to promote museums to build high-performance storage spaces.

3.1 Introduction to the model

The restoration of cultural relics is a complex process, which not only needs to clean up the cultural relics to restore their original color and shape, but also needs to repair the incomplete parts. The specific process of cultural relics restoration is shown in Fig. 3. The fuzzy matching of the characteristics of cultural relics is the most complex part, and it is the core part of the restoration of the incomplete parts of cultural relics. The restoration of the incomplete part of cultural relics should first establish a fuzzy set of cultural relics features and establish a fuzzy matching scheme. Then, through the fuzzy operation, the fuzzy feature points are estimated by fuzzy relations, and finally the fuzzy feature points are input into 3D construction scheme tracking to generate the 3D prosthesis of the model.

Figure 3.

Repair process of cultural relics.

3.2 Model content

Firstly, the feature set of cultural relics is established according to the computational visual analysis software, and the fuzzy set is established by using the knowledge of fuzzy control. The specific formula is as Eq. (1).

$\displaystyle\left\{{{\begin{array}[]{l}{P_{sc2}(t)=P_{sc}(t)+\Delta P_{sc}(t)% -\Delta y_{sc}(t)\Delta P_{b}(t)}\\ {P_{b2}(t)=P_{b}(t)+\Delta P_{b}(t)-\Delta y_{b}(t)\Delta P_{sc}(t)}\\ \end{array}}}\right.$ (1)

Secondly, fuzzy feature points are calculated by fuzzy operation. The formula is shown as Eq. (2).

$\displaystyle P_{L,\textit{total}}(t)=P_{w}(t)+P_{v}(t)+P_{tr}(t)-P_{sc2}(t)-P% _{b2}(t)$ (2)

Finally, the fuzzy feature points are input into the 3D construction scheme tracking to generate the 3D prosthesis of the model. The specific formula is shown in Eqs (3) and (4).

$\displaystyle P(p)=C(p)\cdot D(p)$ (3) $\displaystyle C(p)=\frac{\sum\nolimits_{q\in\psi_{p}\cap(I\backslash\Omega)}{C% (q)}}{|\psi_{p}|},D(p)=\frac{|\nabla\mathop{I}\nolimits_{p}^{\bot}\cdot n_{p}|% }{\alpha}$ (4)

A threshold is set in advance for each level. Before calculating the product of the similarity of the level and the corresponding level weight in order of level, it is judged whether the similarity of the level is greater than or equal to the preset threshold of the level. According to the judgment results, if the similarity of the level is greater than or equal to the preset threshold of the level, the product of the level similarity and the corresponding level weight is calculated. If the similarity of the level is not greater than or equal to the preset threshold of the level, the similarity between the two address information is obtained by accumulating the product of the level similarity before the level and the corresponding level weight. It can be seen that setting the threshold and comparing the level similarity with the threshold of the level greatly simplifies the process of summarizing the similarity of each level. That is to say, when it is judged that the similarity of a level is not greater than or equal to the preset threshold of the level, it is no longer necessary to calculate the product of the level similarity and the corresponding weight after the level and the order of the level. The similarity of the entire two address information can be obtained by directly accumulating the product of the level similarity and the corresponding weight before the level.

3.3 Model significance

Traditional fuzzy control scheme pursues accuracy and difficult restoration of cultural relics. Restoration using fuzzy control technology abstracts the various elements of cultural relic restoration through fuzzy sets to obtain the characteristic elements of fuzzy restoration. Moreover, the pursuit of accuracy in restoration leads to a large computational volume of model point calculation, which consumes huge time resources. At the same time, the traditional restoration scheme only considers the accuracy of the points, but ignores the overall harmony. The model constructed by fuzzy control theory solves this problem. The fuzzy control theory model for restoration of cultural relics, which takes into account the overall harmony of cultural relics while taking into account the accuracy of the points, is of great significance for the restoration of museum relics.

3.4 Trial run of the fuzzy control restoration model

To verify the feasibility of the model, the team cooperated with a museum to restore the fragmented artifacts through the fuzzy-controlled restoration model and recorded the data throughout. The museum restored a fragmented bronze, and this bronze was missing the handle portion. The museum’s professional restorers expected that it would take 20 days to restore it using traditional restoration methods. The restoration is now carried out using a fuzzy controlled artifact restoration method. The factors considered for restoration are shown in Table 1.

Table 1
Bronze restoration considerations

Project	Reasons
Causes of bronze damage	Acid rain, natural oxidation corrosion
Causes of bronze incompleteness	Accidental damage during excavation
Bronze age	Xia dynasty
Bronze style	Dragon dress, the whole elegant atmosphere

The professional restorers completed the restoration under the guidance of the team based on the fuzzy control restoration system, and the progress of the restoration on the tenth day is shown in Table 2.

Table 2

Progress of bronze restoration on the tenth day

Project	Progress
Surface cleaning	Basically completed
Surface maintenance	Basically completed
Incomplete part modeling	Basically completed
Prosthesis modification	Basically completed
Bronze synthesis	Ongoing

On the 13th day, the initial restoration of the bronze was completed, and the indicators of the bronze still needed to be inspected, and the specific contents of the inspection are shown in Table 3.

Table 3

Results of bronze restoration

Project	Index
Color fusion	A $+$
Material fusion	A $+$
Pattern fusion	A $+$
Shape	A $+$
Integration of historical background	A $+$

A number of heritage restoration professionals were invited to score our restoration process, and the weighted average score of 10 experts was 81.23, which is an excellent overall performance. This indicates that the restoration model based on fuzzy control theory constructed here has good results and can be promoted [12, 13].

4. Optimization of museum management using IoT and fuzzy control related technologies

The Internet of Things can significantly improve the efficiency of museum management of the museum to promote the improvement of all aspects of museum management; its main role is mainly shown in Fig. 4.

Figure 4.

IoT heritage protection model.

4.1 The use of Internet of Things technology to build heritage security protection system

Traditional heritage protection mainly relies on video surveillance, but often video surveillance faces a high degree of video ambiguity, once the theft of cultural relics cannot be the first time to find and stop, video surveillance can have a certain preventive effect, but cannot fundamentally eliminate in this phenomenon. And video surveillance collection of information about the person is not comprehensive enough to identify technology, which also leads to the recovery of cultural relics is difficult. Based on the Internet of Things technology to build a security system for cultural relics, the use of RFID identification technology to fully identify the facial features of the person, physical characteristics, but also to real-time tracking of cultural relics, to determine the location of cultural relics, to ensure the safety of cultural relics. RFID technology also enables the traditional video surveillance of low resolution cameras into high resolution high-definition cameras. The mechanism of the security system has the following main points. First, the use of Internet of Things technology for real-time monitoring of cultural relics, once the state of cultural relics changes, the immediate departure of the alarm mode and accurate positioning of cultural relics moving route. Second, the establishment of portrait recognition alerts, once the identification of suspicious staff in addition to staff immediately alert. Finally, the staff wears sensors, once the cultural relics change, to ensure that the staff is the first to know the news, and take appropriate measures.

4.2 The use of Internet of Things technology to detect the storage environment of cultural relics

Storage environment is critical to the protection of cultural relics, for different cultural relics to choose the appropriate protective environment is the responsibility of museum staff. But some staff members rely solely on subjective experience to determine the storage environment of cultural relics, which is not desirable. And there is no external environment is always changing, heat, humidity, these parameters are always changing, relying on traditional human methods cannot achieve the monitoring of cultural relics. The use of Internet of Things sensors, you can sense the changes in the external environment in real time, you can detect the moisture content of cultural relics stored in the environment, gas content, temperature and other information, and will pass this information to the internal Internet of Things processor, so as to implement the corresponding measures, can be achieved in real time to ensure the suitability of cultural relics preservation environment [14, 15].

4.3 Use of IoT technology to optimize the management process of cultural relics

The traditional management of cultural relics is based on manual management, which not only consumes human and material resources, but also very easy to make mistakes, resulting in errors in the information of cultural relics. Big data, Internet of Things, and cloud computing have emerged to solve this problem. The archival information of cultural relics no longer requires manual input, but can be sensed through the Internet of Things sensors, through tools such as big data and cloud computing, the information of cultural relics, the use of intelligent facilities intelligent perception of information, through the analysis of tools to automate the analysis of information on cultural relics, avoiding manual processing, thus fundamentally hindering the generation of incorrect information on cultural relics. In concrete practice to do the following, first, in order to improve the efficiency of archival management, archival data need to be shared across multiple platforms. Second, the archive management is fully automated, thus reducing the probability of errors [16, 17].

4.4 The use of Internet of Things technology to achieve real-time monitoring of the flow of information on cultural relics

Cultural relics in the process of management often appear in the outgoing and incoming scenarios, the flow of cultural relics. The flow of cultural relics in the traditional way often requires complex procedures to register to ensure that staff can master the flow of cultural relics. At this stage, you can use the real-time monitoring technology of the Internet of Things to track cultural relics in real time and manage the outgoing and incoming cultural relics. The details of the specific implementation are as follows: First, the repository is monitored in real time 24 hours a day and alarms are activated in case of anomalies. Second, the use of modern equipment to achieve the entire process from archival data collection, statistics, and the use of modern tools to achieve the efficient use of inventory space.

5. Museum heritage protection strategy

5.1 Improve the museum heritage protection and utilization system

Although China has many cultural relics, but in the management of cultural relics, still in a backward state. There are some shortcomings in the protection of cultural relics in China, the most important of which is the lack of a sound system for the management and protection of cultural relics, the lack of strict norms from the excavation of cultural relics to daily maintenance, resulting in some cultural relics exposed to unsuitable environments during excavation, resulting in damage to cultural relics. Heritage in the daily management is also often due to the lack of strict norms, resulting in staff negligence and human damage to cultural relics. To solve these problems, a strict museum heritage protection system should be established to clarify the focus of heritage protection, covering the details of the process of heritage protection, so that heritage managers in the process of protection have the basis for the operation, at the same time, in the event of problems, heritage protection system can also help managers to solve problems [18, 19].

5.2 Improve the infrastructure for the protection of cultural relics in museums, the construction of a good environment for the storage of cultural relics

The state of the museum’s cultural relics and its storage environment conditions are inseparable, the state of the infrastructure to determine whether the cultural relics are safe, whether the cultural relics are eroded. At the same time, the state of cultural relics is also limited by the financial and material resources of cultural relics restoration, cultural relics restoration requires a lot of money, if the lack of funds, then the restoration of cultural relics cannot be carried out. Finally, the level of museum management staff is also a major factor affecting the state of cultural relics. The storage environment of cultural relics and the level of museum management staff has a direct relationship, in order to improve the infrastructure for the storage of cultural relics, sound protection of cultural relics, the state should increase support for the protection of cultural relics, professional training for museum staff to enhance their professional capabilities, promote the technical reform of museums, so that they develop in the direction of information technology to promote the development of heritage conservation [20].

5.3 Improve the quality of heritage managers

In the process of heritage management, heritage managers play a decisive role, therefore, to further enhance the comprehensive ability of museum heritage conservation and utilization, it is necessary to improve the quality of museum managers, museum managers should consciously improve their professionalism, take the conservation of each cultural relic seriously, and strictly comply with the norms of heritage conservation. The leadership of the museum should strengthen the training of staff to ensure the implementation of the upper orders, absorb the outstanding relevant talents, carry out the restoration of cultural relics, ensure the continuous storage of cultural relics, and promote the healthy development of the museum.

6. Conclusion

The article is carried out on the basis of the previous ones, by absorbing the theoretical models of the previous ones and constructing a fuzzy control theory system with the help of fuzzy set control theory and Internet of Things related technology, which has certain theoretical significance and reference significance. After investigation and research, our team found that the following problems exist in the management of cultural relics in our museums: (1) the lack of strict standards for the environment in which cultural relics are stored. (2) The professional competence of the staff is not strong. (3) Lack of strict management system. (4) Backward technology of cultural relics protection. To solve these problems our team constructed a fuzzy control method based on fuzzy control theory to assist in the restoration of cultural relics. The model constructed by fuzzy control theory solves this problem. The fuzzy control theory constructs a model for restoration of cultural relics, taking into account the overall harmony of the relics and the accuracy of the points, which is of great significance for the restoration of museum relics. At the same time through the Internet of Things technology to build a library heritage protection system, the main content of the system is (1) the use of Internet of Things technology to build a security protection system for cultural relics (2) the use of Internet of Things technology to detect the storage environment of cultural relics (3) the use of Internet of Things technology to optimize the management process of cultural relics (4) the use of Internet of Things technology to achieve real-time monitoring of the flow of information on cultural relics. And based on this, suggestions are made to (1) improve the museum heritage protection and utilization system (2) improve the infrastructure of museum heritage protection and build a good environment for heritage storage (3) improve the quality of heritage managers. The model constructed in the article has been tested in practice and has a certain feasibility and practical and theoretical value.

The innovation points of this paper are as follows: (1) This paper has a novel research angle through fuzzy set control theory and Internet of Things technology as the landing point, which is innovative. (2) This paper constructs and verifies the fuzzy set theory, which proves the theoretical and practical nature of the paper. (3) This paper takes into account the protection and use of two perspectives, in the construction of a heritage management system and fuzzy control of heritage restoration system. The shortcomings of this paper are, on the one hand, that the article covers too much content and the key content is not prominent enough. On the other hand, the theoretical model of the article is too abstract.

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