Abstract
In order to master the training state and the characteristics of fighting athletes, it need to obtain a lot of real-time data. By analyzing the characteristics of the test and training process of fighting sports, a defensive and offensive model of sport response test and training is constructed, which is easy to monitor and collect the human fighting sports data, aiming at the special needs for the fast response and data accquisition of sport training. Based on this model, the basic requirements of fast response training and testing system are summed up, and a four-layer architecture design scheme is put forward by using software engineering technology, which is realized by computer hardware and software technology combined with real-time data acquisition and interface design. Finally, the practical verification is carried out by the application of the system, and the visual expression is given by the graph, and the design and implement can meet the requirement of the task.
Introduction
Modern sports training has entered the era of multi-disciplinary synergy, there are many intersecting and marginal disciplines, such as sports biochemistry, sports physiological psychology, sports training psychology, biomedical electronics and other interdisciplinary science, sports and physical training and multi-disciplinary synthesis gradually show the characteristics of “science and Technology Sports” [1]. In order to master the sports state and characteristics of athletes, the indicators of speed, time, acceleration, exercise and estimated caloric consumption needs to be paid attention to [2, 3], so that data acquisition technology is more and more widely used in sports, because we can estimate the level of these indicators with the data collected, and guide and adjust the training process according to the actual situation of athletes. in competitive sports training, speed and intensity play an important role, furthermore the foundation’s rapid power occupies a central place [4], so it is also an important issue that the status of these indicators need to be focused on in order to obtain real-time data and apply.
Data acquisition system is an important part of modern digital system [6], which based on computer and communication technology can deal with a large amount of information in a timely and accurate manner by automatic identification and transmission [5]. The application of data acquisition technology in sports field is mainly manifested in the monitoring and accquisition and processing of human motion data. In the course of sports, there are many ways to collect data, such as collecting the rotation angle value of each joint of the human body by measuring the change of joint angle of the angle detector [7], collecting the change of motion form by optical or visual motion capturing [8, 9], collecting nerve, muscle excitation and conduction by the human surface myoelectric [10] and so on. There are also some sports data acquisition and control systems that are older and lack sustainable technical support [11]. None of these methods are suitable for data acquisition of fight sports.For human fight motion data, it is necessary some parameters from the human biomechanical point of view to be considered, such as strike strength, endurance, speed, persistence, impulse, power, boxing and strike time, and then these parameters to be used to estimate. Therefore, we need to establish the description model of fight movement through analysis, and then put forward the appropriate method of data acquisition and processing on this basis.
A fast response training and testing model for fighting type sports
Based on the special needs of the above fighting sports training, the training model of motion response is established according to the training scenarios. Fight athletes usually have two kinds of motion, namely attack and defense, so there are two modes in the system design: testing mode and training mode, each mode can be tested or trained for single action and combination action.
As shown in Fig. 1, several force acquisition points position(sensors) are set up on the model, each corresponding to red and green indicators, the green light indicates the athlete’s attack action, and the red light indicates the defensive action.
Testing & training model.
Whether it is a single action or a combination of actions, the model testing can have two ways of working, manual and automatic, manual mode is more active and flexible, automatic way is at random.
Firstly,to a single action, both manual and automatic working methods is given.
Manual style
The software allows us to manually control the green switch of 8 sensors independently, specifying a green light to blink continuously, the number of times, the blinking interval can be set.The force of each action is tested or calculated (the strike is not counted when the force does not reach a given value, the given force value can be set), the maximum value of the force and the average, the reaction time of each action (the interval from the indicator light being on to the sensor being forced), the mean value of the reaction time s and the minimum time S1, strike time (the interval from athletes hitting the sensor to the fist left), the average of the strike time S and the minimum time S1, and the results are outputted to the field monitor.
Auto style
The following two types are designed in the automatic style:
The system randomly controls 8 green light switches, the green light flashes continuously, and the flicker interval can be set. The probability of each lamp appearing is approximately equal.
The system randomly controls 16 lights (8 red lights, 8 green lights) switch, all lights blink continuously, flicker interval can be set.The probability of each lamp appearing is approximately equal.
Each of the above two styles of operation tests the force of each action of the entire process (when the force does not reach a given value, the strike is not counted, the given force value can be set), the maximum and average force, the reaction time of each action (the interval from the indicator light being on to the sensor being forced), the average of the reaction time S and the minimum time S1, strike time (from athletes hit the sensor to he left sensor), the average of the strike time S and the minimum time S1, and the results are outputted to the field monitor.
Secondly, the combination of action is that two or three actions are mixed together to test. By the software manually set 2 or 3 lights on in 16 lights at the same time, and they can be continuously fashing, the number of times can be set, flashing interval can be set. While the force of each action in this set of actions is tested (when the force does not reach a given value, the strike is not counted, the given force value can be set), the maximum and average force, the reaction time of each action (the interval from the indicator light being on to the sensor being forced), the average of the reaction time S and the minimum time S1, strike time (from athletes hit the sensor to he left sensor), the average of the strike time S and the minimum time S1, and the results are outputted to the field monitor.
Training mode
The first is a description of the manual and automatic way of a single action.
Manual style
The number of hits can be set, the light switches on 8 sensors can be controlled independently and manually by the software. A green light specified is lighting continuously, the system turn it off after completion of hits. The software interface outputs the time of lighting, total number of hits, the number of successful hits(the strike is not counted when the force does not reach a given value, the given force value can be set). And the interface outputs in real time the power value of each sensor per hit, the reaction time of each action (the interval from the indicator light is on to the sensor receives force) and strike time (from athletes hit the sensor to he left sensor).
Auto style
The system randomly controls 8 green light switches. The system randomly controls 16 lights (red light green light) switches.
Both of the above styles require the number of hits to be set, and system turns lights off after completion of hits times. While they require that system outputs lighting time, the total times of strike which is set, the successful hits times (the strike is not counted when the force does not reach a given value, the given force value can be set). In real time, system outputs the power value of each sensor per hit, the reaction time of each action (the interval from the indicator light is on to the sensor receives force) and strike time (from athletes hit the sensor to heleft sensor).
For combination action, by the software manually 2 or 3 lights are set on in 16 lights continuously at the same time, and the number of times can be set also, the system turn it off after completion of hits. The system outputs the time of lighting, the total times of strikes, the times of succesful strikes(when the force does not reach a given value, the strike is not counted, the given force value can be set). In real time system outputs the value of strike force of each sensor and each time, the reaction time of each action (the interval from the indicator light being on to the sensor being forced), strike time (from athletes hit the sensor to he left sensor).
On training mode system is continuous lighting, work end while light is set off. On test mode, the lamps flicker in intervals. Both modes require given lamps are set on at the same time after all parameters to be set.
Design of fast response training test system for fight sports
On the basis of the above fast response testing & training model, the model is designed and implemented in detail as below, and the overall design of the system is given around the specific problems to be solved.
Basic needs analysis
The basic requirements of the fast response testing & training system can be described by three aspects of the function.
To have a reasonable human-computer interface
Here human-computer interaction refers to two aspects, one refers to the interaction between the field training model and the athletes, the second is that the staff involved in training or testing control the whole system. In order to achieve the two aspects of human-computer interaction, we must provide the corresponding interface. In the design of the interface for the field training model, the purpose in sports training must be taken into account, as well as the convenient flexibility and realistic feasibility of the field instrument. The interface between the system and the staff needs to provide convenient and efficient operation capability.
To provides a certain number of physical mass acquisition functions
The strike index in the training process of the fighting athletes mainly depends on the strength and durability. The physical quantity acquisition is mainly to obtain the impact force and the duration, and the physical quantity of these real forces appears in the analog signal, while the computer can only process the digital signal, so the multi-point analog signal need to carry on the conversion from analog to digital and be inputted into the upper device.
To provide data management services
In the actual training and testing, it is necessary to carry on the continuous tracking analysis to the athlete’s competitive state, so the collected data can not only stay in the process execution or reside in memory for a while, but need to save the real-time data to form a historical record. It is necessary to establish a database for the testing & training data, these databases can also provide a remote data service base for other application development.
Data acquisition and control system design
As shown in Fig. 2, in design of data acquisition and control system the architecture of the entire system is divided into 4 layers, in where the arrow connection represents the control flow or data flow between the modules. Each dotted box represents a logical level, which is from low to high, in turn,they are the field front-end hardware of the testing & training system (the reaction training tester, consisting of the sensor module and the control module), the data acquisition and control equipment, the server side and the client application. In which the data acquisition and control equipment is based on hardware, with the use of operating system coverage of the underlying data acquisition and field actuation software module, and the front-end hardware with the use of the lower protocol interaction. The data acquisition module packages and aggregates the acquired live real-time data, and interacts with the communication server through the upper protocol to transfer the data to the data server.
The structure of fast response training test system for fight sports.
Actual interface implementation.
field data acquisition signal analysis results.
The data server can adopt a file system or database system, and the end user can access the data collected by the data server in the way of the customer application through the network,with the application communication protocol, so as to satisfy the final data query, analysis and motion test management of these applications. Client software can be a desktop app running on the operating system or a web app running on a browser.
The implementation of the system depends on several factors, one is to choose the appropriate actual device, the other is the interface design between the device and the system, and the third is the connection of each part.
Device selection
Pressure sensor selection worm type pressure sensor, through the transmitter output standard 0–10v voltage signal. The sensor 1–8 correspond to the acquisition card AD channel AI 0–7, switch value DO 0–15 join to capture card AI 8–23, while DO 0–7 correspond to 8 green indicator, DO 8–15 to 8 red indicators. By AD card the system in realtime collects sensor voltage and converts into force value, and by the I/O port control indicator in real-time. The system connects computer with Ethernet to ensure real-time data stability.
USB2852 Card is a data acquisition device based on USB bus, it can be directly connected with the computer’s USB interface, and it can be used to constitute data acquisition, waveform analysis and processing system of a laboratory, product quality testing center and other fields. Also it can be used to build a monitoring system for industrial production processes.
Interface implementation
The interface is implemented, which including four parts.The hardware part is divided into: sensor area and indicator area. Sensor Area: The 8 spring terminals are in turn the sensors numbered by 1-8,3P terminal from left to right are defined as: power-signal-ground. Indicator Area: The 8 spring terminals are in turn the sensors numbered by 1-8,4P terminal from left to right are defined as: green light+, green light-, red light+, red light–.NET port: Standard RJ45.
Connection of the system
The connection in the system involves running the data signal and the control signal among the four levels, the most important of which is the signal connection between the data acquisition and the control part. The connection between the hardware and software modules can be divided into physical connections and logical connections. The signal connection here mainly refers to the physical connection.The connection between the equipment and the field instrumentation is usually based on the specific situation, the connection topology mainly depends on the interface type and communication protocol in the field, the common is P2P, star type, BUS type.
There are two ways to connect a signal: A single-ended and two-ended approach. A single-ended approach refers to using a single path to achieve the input of a signal, while the reference of multiple signals is shared with one pick-up location. This method is mainly used in situations where interference is little and the number of channels is relatively large. The two-end input method refers to the use of positive and negative two channels to achieve the input of a signal, which is also called differential input mode.This method is mainly used in situations where the interference is large and the number of channels is relatively small.
The USB2852 plate is connected into a two-end input mode of analog voltage, which can effectively suppress the common-mode jamming signal and improve the acquisition accuracy. The 16-way analog input signal is connected to the AI0∼AI15 end, the analog input signal negative end is connected to the AI16∼AI31 end. And near the CN1 socket, a dozens of kω to hundreds of kω resistance between the AI16∼AI31 end and the AGND end are set respectively (when the field signal source internal resistance is less than 100 Omega, the resistor shall be 1000 times times the internal resistance of the field signal source, and when the internal resistance of the field signal source is greater than 100 Omega, the resistor shall be 2000 times times the internal resistance of the field signal source), which provides a bias for the input circuit of the instrument amplifier.Under the control of the given protocol, a certain logical connection can be realized from the algorithm and timing, and then the data acquisition is carried out according to the protocol interaction rules under the beat of the whole system.
Application of fast response training system
Based on the above design ideas, we implement the field application software, the field intervention and data acquisition are carried out for the training and testing process of the athletes. In the actual training practice we acquire a certain amount of data. As shown in Table 1, we have captured a piece of data in the actual field test.
Data fragment of fighting sports
Data fragment of fighting sports
On the model, 8 channels physical variable is set to monitor the strike strength, reaction time and punching strength at 8 sensor point positiones in real time. In each test a set of signal sequences is produced according to the test rules.
Table 1 is a data fragment that intercepts the actual field test, and from the chart we can see that in the nearly 20 rounds of the hit, the athlete’s preference for the model target position is 2 - 1 5 - 4 6 7 - 8 from strong to weak. The total frequency of the hit is 2 – 1 – 4 – 6 – 7 – 5 – 3 8 from high to low. The average reaction speed of athletes to each target is 6-2-8-1 5 7-3 from slow to fast.
In detail it introduces the design idea and implementation process of the fast response testing & training system of fight sports based on data acquisition. This section describes the advantages and further application of the system in the engineering development as following. convenient debugging and verification, improve the development efficiency the use of data acquisition cards to simplify the development process provides a basis for obtaining data for the testing and training of athletes
There are still some shortcomings in this study, such as the design of the database is not perfect, the organization of sports data is not reasonable, the need for appropriate paradigm decomposition.The Fight Sports Training is a work that needs to be carried out on an ongoing basis, and the project will continue to be studied.In order to serve more effectively in sports training, subsequent version upgrading will incorporate machine learning into the software and continuously train and learn on the actual data recordsets.
Supported by 2017 Science and Technology Project of Shaanxi Province (Grant No. 2017GY-012), Xi ‘An science and technology planning project (Grant No. 2017CGWL37),2018 Shaanxi Provincial Social Science Fund annual project (Grant No. 2018R13).