Research of the safety path of colleges and universities laboratory basing on the analysis of grey correlation degree

3.1 Selection of influencing factors

Due to the different professional nature, the induced factors and risk degree of laboratory safety accidents in university have great uncertainty and randomness. These accident factors have a lot of “uncertain information”. It is very difficult to analyze and determine all the influencing factors, even if the same accident circumstances and consequences, the causes of accidents can not be the same [4]. Based on 66 typical accident cases in 2013–2018, through accident investigation, analysis and synthesis, this paper analyzes the causes of safety accidents, draws on the research opinions and research results of scholars at home and abroad, and selects the indicators of laboratory safety influencing factors by referring to ZH Li 2014; JY Dong et al.2016; L He et al. 2017; F Qing et al.2017; Y Du et al. 2018; KS Huang et al. 2018; J Guo 2019; J Fu et al. 2019 and other scholars [4–11]. In particular, Y Du and JY Feng visited 75 institutions directly under the Ministry of education in the past three years. They have typical and comprehensive inspection and summary of laboratory safety. On the basis of these theories and practices, the paper constructed an index system of laboratory safety influencing factors, including 5 first level indicators, organizational system, safety education, laboratory environment and management, foudation safety, professional safety etc, and 13 secondary indicators, including rules and regulations, safety inspection system, funding guarantee, safety education, safety access examination, pipeline safety, other safety of the site, electricity and water safety, personal protection, instrument use safety, chemical safety, biological safety, waste management, etc. For the analysis of laboratory safety influencing factors, as shown in Fig. 1.

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Fig. 1

Laboratory Safety Factors.

At present, there is no special data statistics on laboratory safety accidents in Colleges and universities across the country. The data is mainly sorted out through the website of the former State Administration of safety, the Higher Education Department of the Ministry of education, baidu search, Google search, accident case investigation and other channels. According to the currently available data, 66 typical laboratory accidents in Colleges and universities at home and abroad during 2013–2018 are obtained for statistical analysis basic, because the samples of laboratory safety accidents selected in this paper tend to be events with high media exposure, typicality and serious consequences, rather than random events, the final statistical results slightly deviate from the actual overall data. In the selected cases, a total of 10 people died, more than 38 people were injured or poisoned. According to the post accident investigation report and for cause analysis, refer to the analytic hierarchy process model of influencing factors of laboratory safety factors, get the result of event cause analysis, and summarize it (see Table 1).

Taking the total number of laboratory safety impacts in university X₀ as the reference sequence, the organizational system X₁, safety education X₂, laboratory environment and management X₃, basic safety X₄ and professional safety X₅ as the comparison sequence, in order to make the comparison between sequences possible, dimensionless treatment must be carried out to eliminate the dimensionality. The results obtained by using formula ➁ are shown in Table 2:

Then the absolute difference between the reference sequence and the comparison sequence is calculated by using formula ➂, and the results are shown in Table 3:

Therefore, min i min k | X 0 ( k ) - X i ( k ) | = 0 max i max k | X 0 ( k ) - X i ( k ) | = 1.77 if ρ = 0.5, according to the correlation coefficient formula ➂, the correlation coefficients between the corresponding elements of each comparison sequence and reference sequence are calculated as follows: ξ 1 = ( 1.00 , 0.86 , 0.79 , 0.91 , 0.94 , 0.93 ) ξ 2 = ( 1.00 , 0.96 , 0.95 , 0.73 , 0.97 , 0.80 ) ξ 3 = ( 1.00 , 0.80 , 0.54 , 0.60 , 0.63 , 0.69 ) ξ 4 = ( 1.00 , 0.80 , 0.40 , 0.33 , 0.72 , 0.45 ) ξ 5 = ( 1.00 , 0.98 , 0.67 , 0.77 , 0.54 , 0.87 )

According to formula ➃, the correlation of organization system, safety education, laboratory environment management, foundation safety and professional safety with the total number of laboratory safety impacts in university is as follows: r 1 = 0.91 , r 2 = 0.90 , r 3 = 0.71 , r 4 = 0.62 , r 5 = 0.81

The order of association is: r 1 > r 2 > r 5 > r 3 > r 4

Through the above correlation analysis, it can be concluded that the correlation degree of the factors affecting the laboratory safety in university is the organization system > safety education > professional safety > laboratory environment management > foundation safety. The construction and guarantee of the organization system is a major factor affecting the safety of the laboratory. It is also the guarantee of the top-down system of the school to prevent and put an end to the occurrence of unsafe behaviors, so as to ensure the systematic safety of the laboratory. The lack of necessary safety education for laboratory personnel is the second factor, so the safety education training and safety test assessment are indispensable elements of the safety management of the laboratory. Element, can have the effect of prevention and prevention in advance practically.

Taking the organizational system as X₁ reference sequence, the rules and regulations X₁₁, the safety inspection system X₁₂, and the funds guarantee X₁₃ of each sub factor under the organizational system as the comparison sequence, the correlation degree sequence of each sub factor to the organizational system calculated is: r₁₂ > r₁₁ > r₁₃, therefore, the safety inspection system plays a major role in the organizational system factors affecting the laboratory safety factors. A well executed safety inspection system can strangle all safety risks of the laboratory in the cradle, so as to prevent them in advance.

4.1 Improve the laboratory safety management system and implement the laboratory safety inspection mechanism

Laboratory safety is the top priority of laboratory management and an important part of campus safety. Therefore, the top-level design should be carried out from the perspective of overall campus safety. According to the principle of “who uses, who is responsible, who is in charge, who is responsible", a three-level linkage laboratory safety management responsibility system of school, secondary college and experimental center should be established. In this safety responsibility system, it is necessary to establish and improve relevant safety management systems, such as “laboratory safety management system", “laboratory valuable equipment management method", “laboratory hazardous waste disposal management method", “laboratory instrument sharing management method", “laboratory opening management system", “laboratory post safety responsibility system", “safety and health". Regulations on management of student supervision work, laboratory access and pre job training system, laboratory emergency response plan and laboratory safety management investigation method, etc. In the above safety systems, we should pay special attention to the implementation of the post responsibility system. The school’s safety management leading group and the management personnel of the secondary colleges, the secondary colleges and the experimental centers, the experimental centers and the laboratories sign safety responsibility letters at all levels, so as to practically put the safety responsibility in place and put it into practice. On the basis of further improving the system of laboratory safety management at school and institute level, each experimental center should formulate corresponding implementation rules such as safety regulations and safety operation procedures according to their own work characteristics. Laboratory safety inspection is a necessary measure to eliminate potential safety hazards in the laboratory, which is listed as one of the most important contents of laboratory safety work. The laboratory shall follow the principle of “safety first, prevention first", adhere to the principle of combining self inspection with spot check, and combining regular inspection with random inspection, so as to find and eliminate potential hazards from the source.

4.2 Strengthen laboratory safety education and implement laboratory safety access assessment

Safety education is the most basic work, and it is the prevention of laboratory safety accidents. The school needs to establish a long-term mechanism of laboratory safety education, starting from the source. For example, when new students enter the school, they should set up comprehensive courses related to safety education, enter the laboratory, carry out safety access learning before the experiment, and carry out emergency mechanism training after the experiment, so as to build a long-term mechanism of close connection between laboratory safety education, experimental teaching and research [12]. Safety education and training should focus on two aspects: first, the diversification of education and training content, which can be related laws and regulations, rules and regulations, various professional knowledge, common sense of emergency self rescue and emergency response measures; second, education and training should be spread out in an all-round and multi-faceted way, not limited to a laboratory, nor limited to the education of experimental students, but to the school leaders. All kinds of laboratory safety education should be carried out by leaders, experimental teachers and managers. The experimental education and training should be carried out under the institutionalized and normalized mechanism. Laboratory safety access assessment is a safety barrier for entering laboratory operation, and the establishment of all kinds of professional safety question bank is the premise of access assessment, including general safety, professional safety, radiation safety, network safety and fire safety of all kinds of laboratories. The access assessment for experimental teachers and students is the effect guarantee of access system, and schools can actively Build information platform, effectively promote the implementation of laboratory safety access system [13].

4.3 Standardize the use and operation of instruments and strictly follow the professional experiment process

From the above correlation analysis, it can be seen that most of the laboratory professional safety accidents are caused by the standardized operation of instruments. The operation requirements of profesional experimental projects have their specific process steps and professional specifications. If they are not operated in strict accordance with the rules, it is easy to cause accidents. Therefore, standardizing the operation of instruments is an urgent training and access requirement. Secondly, the storage of reagents should be strictly in accordance with the requirements. Some chemical reagents are highly toxic, corrosive and flammable, and will become a dangerous source of explosion if they are not careful. The laboratory of biological type is the place to study human body, animals, bacteria and viruses. If the laboratory personnel operate improperly, they may be infected with the virus. Therefore, in terms of the safety of biological operation, the personal protection of laboratory personnel and Prevention has become the main goal, especially to strengthen their own professional knowledge and operational skills. As early as January 1, 2005, the State Environmental Protection Administration (SEPA) issued a notice on “strengthening the supervision of laboratory pollution environment", and all kinds of experimental sites should be monitored in strict accordance with the pollution management. However, the disposal and management of waste products is the most easily neglected link in the laboratory safety management of university. Waste management needs more strict and professional operations, such as the need to set up a designated storage point for hazardous waste, which must have ventilation and heat insulation performance, and should be posted with warning signs in a conspicuous position, and equipped with containers, do a good job in classification signs, sub packaging storage, and try to use the original bottles to recover waste liquid. It is prohibited to discharge or discard any toxic or harmful hazardous waste materials at will, mix with domestic waste, dump hazardous materials into the sewer, and stack experimental waste materials outside the laboratory [14].