Urologic issues of the pediatric spina bifida patient: A review of the genitourinary concerns and urologic care during childhood and adolescence

Myelodysplasia is a complex patient problem that continues to present challenges for multidisciplinary care teams. The spectrum of bladder and bowel dysfunction created by this neurologic lesion is broad and requires long-term surveillance of these organ systems. This review outlines the diagnosis and management of urologic issues of the spina bifida patient throughout infancy, childhood and adolescence. Specifically, examining different approaches to care of these patients (proactive vs reactive), quality of life issues and medical and surgical management options and decision-making at each phase of life.