Energy conservation opportunities in municipal water supply systems: a case study

The cost of power accounts for a significant portion of operating costs in bulk water supply in developing countries. Hence, optimal energy utilization in the existing bulk water supply schemes must be ensured to minimize cost. Data from four cities having diverse water supply requirements is used in the analysis and solution methodology explained. The energy saving options for pumping stations can be broadly classified under three heads viz., electrical systems and motors, pumping system, and operational strategies. It is envisaged that these efforts in water supply systems in other cities—by way of investments in energy efficiency measures—can be highly economical and offset the growing power demand. A strategic framework for energy efficiency improvements in municipal water supply is also listed in this paper.