Classical analysis of time behavior of radiation fields associated with biophoton signals

Abstract

BACKGROUND:

Propagation of photon signals in biological systems, such as neurons, accompanies the production of biophotons. The role of biophotons in a cell deserves special attention because it can be applied to diverse optical systems.

OBJECTIVE:

This work has been aimed to investigate the time behavior of biophoton signals emitted from living systems in detail, by introducing a Hamiltonian that describes the process. The ratio of the energy loss during signal dissipation will also be investigated.

METHOD:

To see the adiabatic properties of the biophoton signal, we introduced an adiabatic invariant of the system according to the method of its basic formulation.

RESULTS:

The energy of the released biophoton dissipates over time in a somewhat intricate way when t is small. However, after a sufficient long time, it dissipates in proportion (1+λ_0t)^2 to where λ_0 is a constant that is relevant to the degree of dissipation. We have confirmed that the energy of the biophoton signal oscillates in a particular way while it dissipates.

CONCLUSION:

This research clarifies the characteristics of radiation fields associated with biophotons on the basis of Hamiltonian dynamics which describes phenomenological aspects of biophotons signals.

Keywords

Biophoton energy dissipation hamiltonian damped harmonic oscillator biological system

References

Louisell

. Quantum Statistical Properties of Radiation. John Wiley and Sons; New York, 1973.

Kalluri

. Electromagnetics of Time Varying Complex Media. 2nd ed. CRC Press; Boca Raton, 2010.

Choi

. Thermal radiation fields in time-dependent linear media at finite temperature. Laser Phys Lett. 2013; 10: 105202.

Choi

. Invariant operator theory for the single-photon energy in time-varying media. Chin Phys. B. 2010; 19: 010306.

Choi

. Coherent and squeezed states of light in linear media with time-dependent parameters by Lewis-Riesenfeld invariant operator method. J Phys B: At Mol Opt Phys. 2006; 39: 669-684.

Crespi

, Ramponi

, Osellame

, Sansoni

, Bongioanni

, Sciarrino

, Vallone

, Mataloni

. Integrated photonic quantum gates for polarization qubits. Nat Commun. 2011; 2: 566.

Politi

, Matthews

JCF

, O'Brien

. Shor's quantum factoring algorithm on a photonic chip. Science. 2009; 325: 1221.

Bajpai

. Squeezed state description of spectral decompositions of a biophoton signal. Phys Lett A. 2005; 337: 265-273.

Bajpai

. Biophoton emission in a squeezed state from a sample of Parmelia tinctorum. Phys Lett A. 2004; 322: 131-136.

10.

Popp

, Chang

, Herzog

, Yan

. Evidence of non-classical (squeezed) light in biological systems. Phys Lett A. 2002; 293: 98-102.

11.

Popp

, Li

. Hyperbolic relaxation as a sufficient condition of a fully coherent ergodic field. Int J Theor Phys. 1993; 32: 1573-1583.

12.

Gurwitsch

. Über Ursachen der Zellteilung. Arch Entw Mech Org. 1922; 51: 383-415.

13.

Devaraj

, Usa

, Inaba

. Biophotons: ultraweak light emission from living systems. Curr Opin Solid State Mat Sci. 1997; 2: 188-193.

14.

Radotic

, Radenovic

, Jeremic

. Spontaneous ultraweak bioluminescence in plants: origin, mechanisms and properties. Gen. Physiol. Biophys. 1998; 17: 289-308.

15.

Hossu

, Ma

, Zou

, Chen

. Enhancement of biophoton emission of prostate cancer cells by Ag nanoparticles. Cancer Nanotechnol. 2013; 4: 21-26.

16.

Popp

. Properties of biophotons and their theoretical implications. Indian J Exp Biol. 2003; 41: 391-402.

17.

Rahnama

, Bokkon

, Tuszynski

, Cifra

, Sardar

, Salari

. Emission of biophotons and neural activity of the brain. arXiv:1012.3371 [physics. bio-ph], 2011.

18.

van Wijk

, van Aken

. Light-induced photon emission by rat hepatocytes and hepatoma cells. Cell Biophys. 1991; 18: 15-29.

19.

van Wijk

. Bio-photons and bio-communication. J Sci Explor. 2001; 15: 183-197.

20.

Mihelic

. A theoretical mechanism of Szilard engine function in nucleic acids and the implications for quantum coherence in biological systems. AIP Conf Proc. 2010; 1316: 287-290.

21.

Jung

H-H

, Yang

J-M

, Woo

W-M

, Choi

, Yang

J-S

, Soh

K-S

. Year-long biophoton measurements normalized frequency count analysis and seasonal dependency. J Photochem Photobiol B: Biol. 2005; 78: 149-154.

22.

Prasad

, Rossi

, Lamponi

, Pospisil

, Foletti

. New perspective in cell communication: potential role of ultra-weak photon emission. J Photochem Photobiol B: Biol. 2014; 139: 47-53.

23.

Sun

, Wang

, Dai

. Biophotons as neural communication signals demonstrated by in situ biophoton autography. Photochem. Photobiol. Sci. 2010; 9: 315-322.

24.

Craddock

TJA

, Priel

, Tuszynski

. Keeping time: Could quantum beating in microtubules be the basis for the neural synchrony related to consciousness? J Integr Neurosci. 2014; 13: 293-311.

25.

Jaffe

. Marine plants may polarize remote Fucus eggs via luminescence. Luminescence. 2005; 20: 414-418.

26.

Penrose

. Shadows of the Mind: A Search for the Missing Science of Consciousness. Oxford University Press; Oxford, 1994;

27.

Hameroff

, Penrose

. Conscious events as orchestrated space-time selections. J Conscious Stud. 1996; 3: 36-53.

28.

Hameroff

. Quantum computation in brain microtubules. The Penrose-Hameroff' Orch OR model of consciousness. Philos Trans R Soc Lond A. 1998; 356: 1869-1896.

29.

Hameroff

. The brain is both neurocomputer and quantum computer. Cognitive Sci. 2007; 31: 1035-1045.

30.

Brassard

. Teleportation as a quantum computation. Physica D. 1998; 120: 43-47.

31.

Hosna

, Bassereh

, Barkhordari

, Salari

. A simulation for neurophotonic quantum computation in visual pathways. arXiv:1412.7551v1 [q-bio. OT], 2014.

32.

Thar

, Kühl

. Propagation of electromagnetic radiation in mitochondria? J Theor Biol. 2004; 230: 261-270.

33.

Bókkon

, Salari

, Tuszynski

, Antal

. Estimation of the number of biophotons involved in the visual perception of a single object image: Biophoton intensity can be considerably higher inside cells than outside. J Photochem Photobiol B: Biol. 2010; 100: 160-166.

34.

Chwirot

. Ultraweak luminescence studies of microsporogenesis in Larch. in Recent Advances in Biophoton Research and Its Applications. Popp

, Li

, Gu

, eds. World Scientific; Singapore, 1992; pp. 259-285.

35.

Slawinski

. Luminescence research and its relation to ultraweak cell radiation. Experientia. 1988; 44: 559-571.

36.

Bajpai

, Kumar

, Sivadasan

. Biophoton emission in the evolution of a squeezed state of a frequency stable damped oscillator. Appl Math Comput. 1998; 93: 277-288.

37.

Blake

, Dotta

, Buckner

, Cameron

, Lafrenie

, Persinger

. Biophoton emissions from cell cultures: biochemical evidence for the plasma membrane as the primary source. Gen Physiol Biophys. 2011; 30: 301-309.

38.

Marchiolli

, Mizrahi

. Dissipative mass-accreting quantum oscillator. J Phys A: Math Gen. 1997; 30: 2619-2635.

39.

Choi

. The effects of nonextensivity on quantum dissipation. Sci Rep. 2014; 4: 3911.

40.

Goldstein

. Classical Mechanics. 2nd ed. Addison Wesley; New York, 1980, Sec. 7 of Chap. 11.

41.

Goh

. Mechanics [in Korean]. Cheong Mun Gak; Seoul, 1998.

42.

Popp

. Biophotons-background, experimental results, theoretical approach and applications. Res Adv Photochem Photobiol. 2000; 1: 31-41.

43.

Alvermann

, Srivastava

. Biological electric fields and rate equations for biophotons. arXiv:1407.4689v1 [physics. gen-ph], 2014.