Study on the application of segmented nursing pathway in daytime anorectal surgery patients

Abstract

BACKGROUND:

Standardised management of day surgery for haemorrhoids and achieving standardised nursing in the painless ward of colorectal surgery are important.

OBJECTIVE:

To explore the role of segmented nursing pathways in patients undergoing day surgery for anorectal procedures and to provide theoretical and practical guidance for day surgery nursing.

METHODS:

A total of 146 patients undergoing anorectal surgery in our day surgery ward between April 2023 and July 2023 were selected as the study participants, with 74 patients in the control group receiving routine nursing and 72 patients in the experimental group receiving segmented nursing. The preoperative preparedness, preoperative anxiety, complication rate, discharge preparedness and nursing satisfaction were compared between the two groups.

RESULTS:

The experimental group had higher rates of admission before 8:30 am (77.78% vs 45.95%), awareness of the day surgery process (63.89% vs 24.32%), completion rate of preoperative preparation (81.94% vs 59.46%), satisfaction with preoperative preparation (94.44% vs 74.32%), discharge preparedness (112.42 $\pm$ 3.28 vs 95.82 $\pm$ 3.41) and nursing satisfaction (97.22% vs 70.27%) compared with the control group ( $P<$ 0.05). After the intervention, the self-rating anxiety scale score (43.14 $\pm$ 12.44 vs 52.51 $\pm$ 13.21) and the self-rating depression scale score (45.03 $\pm$ 11.37 vs 55.37 $\pm$ 10.14) were lower in the experimental group than in the control group ( $P<$ 0.05).

CONCLUSION:

Segmented nursing pathways can improve the preoperative preparedness of patients undergoing day surgery for anorectal procedures, alleviate patient anxiety, enhance discharge preparedness, improve the quality of nursing care and increase nursing satisfaction.

Keywords

Segmented nursing daytime anorectal surgery preoperative preparedness preoperative anxiety discharge preparedness nursing satisfaction

1. Introduction

With the continuous improvement of enhanced recovery after surgery and minimally invasive techniques, the demand for day surgery has increased among patients. Day surgery has rapidly developed in recent years and has advantages such as short hospitalisation time, fast recovery, low cost, efficient integration of medical resources and improved resource utilisation efficiency [1, 2]. The approach has gradually become a common surgical method in clinical practice. In 2015, the US Clinical Practice Guideline for Daytime Rectal-Anal Surgery stipulated that most patients requiring colorectal surgery can consider day surgery, including condyloma acuminatum, anal fissure, abscess, fistula, haemorrhoids and some tumours suitable for outpatient surgery (1B) [3, 4, 5]. The Expert Consensus on Day Surgery for Hemorrhoids Diagnosis and Treatment in China in 2020 stated that 62.3% of experts believe that Grade III and IV haemorrhoids can be treated with day surgery, 70.0% believe that day surgery is feasible for mixed haemorrhoid patients with less than five external haemorrhoid incisions, 90.0% believe that day surgery is feasible for thrombotic external haemorrhoids with less than two quadrants and 46.7% believe that all types of haemorrhoids are suitable for day surgery [6]. Therefore, standardised management of day surgery for haemorrhoids and achieving standardised nursing in the painless ward of colorectal surgery are particularly important.

The specificity of daytime surgery also increases the requirements for nursing [7, 8, 9]. The segmented nursing pathway is a patient-centred nursing model aimed at providing personalised and continuous nursing services. The model divides the nursing process before, during and after surgery into different stages to provide personalised nursing care for patients. Segmented nursing has been widely applied in areas such as obstetric pain management, hepatobiliary surgery and abdominal tumours, but there is limited research on its application in patients undergoing daytime anorectal surgery [10, 11]. Therefore, this study aims to explore the application effectiveness of the segmented nursing pathway in patients undergoing daytime anorectal surgery, evaluate its impact on patients’ preoperative preparedness, anxiety, discharge preparedness and nursing satisfaction, and provide theoretical and practical guidance for nursing in daytime surgery.

2. Data and methods

2.1 Clinical data

A convenience sampling method was used to select 146 patients who underwent colorectal surgery in our hospital’s day surgery unit between April 2023 and July 2023. The patients were randomly assigned to two groups using a random number generator, with even numbers assigned to the control group ( $n=$ 72) and odd numbers to the experimental group ( $n=$ 74). The control group received standard nursing care, whereas the experimental group received segmented nursing care in addition to standard care. This study obtained informed consent from the patients and their families and was approved by the medical ethics committee.

2.2 Inclusion and exclusion criteria

Inclusion criteria: 1) patients who meet the requirements for daytime colorectal surgery and have no other diseases; 2) patients who are conscious and willing to cooperate with the surgery; 3) patients and their families who were informed about this study; 4) patients and their families who are aware of preoperative nursing knowledge and are willing to continue to cooperate and complete the nursing after discharge; and 5) patients with contact information, such as telephone and WeChat, for convenient follow-up.

Exclusion criteria: 1) patients with cognitive impairment who cannot understand and attain nursing knowledge; 2) patients who cannot accept the daytime colorectal surgery model; 3) patients with significant underlying diseases, such as malignant tumours; and 4) patients unwilling to participate in this study.

2.3 Surgical procedures

The experimental and control group patients underwent surgical procedures mainly including rectal mucosal prolapse suspension, haemorrhoid ligation and anal papilla tumour resection. All surgeries were performed under local anaesthesia. The surgeries and nursing care for both groups were conducted by members of our hospital’s day surgery team.

2.4 Nursing and intervention measures

2.4.1 Control group

The control group received traditional pre-admission and post-admission perioperative nursing care. Emphasis was placed on postoperative care, with nursing staff guiding the patients and their families on wound dressing procedures. Education was provided on wound dressing procedures using a flowchart, and medications were distributed on a one-on-one or centralised basis.

2.4.2 Experimental group

Segmented clinical nursing is a method of providing different nursing care based on the different stages of patients’ preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative periods. Nursing care begins at the stage when the patient decides to undergo surgery. In the day surgery ward, the following segmented clinical nursing pathway can be followed:

2.4.2.1 Preoperative stage

(1) preoperative preparation: nurses provide guidance one day before admission, explaining the preoperative precautions and the hospitalisation, surgery and discharge processes. Patients are informed in advance about the entire hospitalisation process and are familiarised with some procedures, including patient registration, signing of the informed consent form and preoperative fasting and drinking restrictions. (2) Preoperative assessment: comprehensive assessment of the patient, including medical history collection, physical examination and laboratory tests, is performed to ensure that they are suitable for day surgery.

2.4.2.2 Intraoperative stage

(1) surgical preparation: this includes patients wearing surgical gowns, preparation of the surgical site and preparation of surgical instruments and medications. (2) Anaesthesia management: anaesthesia induction, maintenance and monitoring are performed by anaesthesiologists or anaesthesia nurses. (3) Surgical procedure: surgical operations are performed by surgeons, with nurses assisting in providing the necessary instruments and medications.

2.4.2.3 Postoperative stage

(1) post-anaesthesia observation: patients are transferred to the recovery room or anaesthesia recovery room for observation, with vital signs monitored to ensure complete recovery from the anaesthesia. (2) Postoperative pain management: appropriate analgesics are administered based on the patient’s pain scores and medical orders to relieve postoperative pain. (3) Postoperative care: this includes wound care, pain management and fluid and medication administration to ensure patients’ postoperative recovery and safety. (4) Discharge guidance: it has been found that there is a high demand for continued postoperative care, and the demands vary [12]. Postoperative care guidance is provided to patients and their families, including wound care, diet guidance and activity guidance, to promote patient recovery.

In addition, for the experimental group, nurses provided additional video education following centralised or one-on-one education. Patients and their families can scan the QR code to access the educational videos and watch them at any time after discharge. After completing all the education, a questionnaire survey on the knowledge of postoperative wound dressing for colorectal patients is given to each patient. The questionnaire includes 10 aspects of wound dressing knowledge. The survey is completed on-site by the responsible nurse in the day surgery ward. Regarding the content of the questionnaire, if there are any questions or areas of uncertainty, the responsible nurse will reinforce the education until the patient and their family have a complete understanding.

The above is the general pathway of segmented clinical nursing in the day surgery ward. Specific operations need to be adjusted and supplemented based on the characteristics of different surgeries and the specific conditions of patients.

2.4.3 Observation indicators

(1) Preoperative preparation degree

1) admission processing time; 2) awareness of the day surgery process; 3) completion of preoperative preparation, including review of medical records, physical examination of patients, laboratory tests and imaging examinations, as well as assessment of surgical risks, including the patient’s physical condition and an anaesthesia risk assessment; 4) preoperative preparation satisfaction, which involves observing the satisfaction of patients and medical staff with preoperative preparation, including satisfaction with preoperative guidance and satisfaction with preoperative preparation process, using a 5-point rating scale, with 1 indicating very dissatisfied and 5 indicating very satisfied.

(2) Preoperative anxiety score

This involves using the self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) and self-rating depression scale (SDS). The scale uses a 4-level rating to indicate the frequency of occurrence, with a total of 20 questions. The higher the score is, the more severe the anxiety and depression state.

(3) Postoperative complication rate

One week after the surgery, the two groups of patients were followed up to observe and record the occurrence rate of surgical incision bleeding, incision swelling, urinary retention and anal stenosis, and to calculate the complication rate.

(4) Discharge preparation degree

The discharge readiness scale developed by Weiss [13] is used to measure the patient’s discharge readiness. The scale includes 12 items and three dimensions (personal status, adaptability, and expected support) and uses a 10-point rating scale, with a total score of 120 points. A higher score indicates better patient discharge readiness. The Chinese version of the scale has a Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of 0.89, while in this study, the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was 0.86.

(5) Nursing satisfaction

This is assessed using the Newcastle nursing service satisfaction survey on a percentage scale [14]: very satisfied ( $>$ 95 points), satisfied (85 points $<$ score $<$ 95 points), generally satisfied (77 points $<$ score $<$ 85 points), dissatisfied (38 points $<$ score $<$ 77 points), very dissatisfied ( $<$ 38 points).

2.4.4 Statistical methods

Data analysis was performed using SPSS software version 25.0. Categorical data were described using counts or percentages and inter-group comparisons were conducted using the chi-square test. Continuous data were described using mean $\pm$ standard deviation ( $\bar{x}\pm s$ ) and inter-group comparisons were conducted using the $t$ -test. A $P$ -value of $<$ 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

3. Results

3.1 Baseline characteristics of the study participants

The age distribution of the study participants ranged from 20 to 72 years, with a mean age of 40.38 $\pm$ 12.54 years and an average length of stay of 25.72 hours. The control group consisted of 33 men and 71 women, with an age distribution of 20–69 years and a mean age of 41.05 $\pm$ 12.42 years; the average length of stay was 26.25 hours. The experimental group consisted of 36 men and 36 women, with an age distribution of 23–72 years and a mean age of 39.7 $\pm$ 11.93 years; the average length of stay was 25.19 hours. There were no statistically significant differences in general characteristics between the control and experimental groups ( $P>$ 0.05).

3.2 Comparison of preoperative preparation and preoperative anxiety scores between the control and experimental groups

After the implementation of the segmental nursing pathway, the experimental group had higher rates of admission before 8:30 am (77.78% vs 45.95%), knowledge of the daytime surgery process (63.89% vs 24.32%), completion rate of preoperative preparation (81.94% vs 59.46%) and satisfaction with preoperative preparation (94.44% vs 74.32%) compared with the control group ( $P<$ 0.05), as shown in Table 1. After the implementation of the segmented nursing pathway, the SAS score (43.14 $\pm$ 12.44 vs 52.51 $\pm$ 13.21) and SDS score (45.03 $\pm$ 11.37 vs 55.37 $\pm$ 10.14) were lower in the experimental group than in the control group ( $P<$ 0.05), as shown in Table 2.

Table 1
Comparison of preoperative preparation in the experimental control group (%)

Group	Experimental group ( $n=$ 72)	Control group ( $n=$ 74)	Chi-square value	$P$
8:30 Pre admission
Yes	56 (77.78)	34 (45.95)	15.639	$<$ 0.001
No	16 (22.22)	40 (54.05)
Awareness rate of surgical procedures			23.203	$<$ 0.001
Know	46 (63.89)	18 (24.32)
Unknown	26 (36.11)	56 (75.68)
Preoperative preparation completion rate			8.88	$<$ 0.01
Complete	59 (81.94)	44 (59.46)
Incomplete	13 (18.06)	30 (40.54)
Satisfaction with preoperative preparation			11.13	$<$ 0.001
Satisfaction	68 (94.44)	55 (74.32)
Dissatisfaction	4 (5.56)	19 (25.68)

Table 2

Comparison of preoperative SAS and SDS scores in the experimental control group

Group	Experimental group ( $n=$ 72)	Control group ( $n=$ 74)	$t$	$P$
SAS score	43.14 $\pm$ 12.44	52.51 $\pm$ 13.21	2.22	$<$ 0.01
SDS score	45.03 $\pm$ 11.37	55.37 $\pm$ 10.14	2.92	$<$ 0.001

Note: SAS, self-rating anxiety scale; SDS, self-rating depression scale.

3.3 Comparison of postoperative complication rates between the control and experimental groups

There were no significant differences in postoperative complication rates (91.67% vs 93.24%) between the segmented nursing pathway group and the conventional nursing group ( $P>$ 0.05), as shown in Table 3.

Table 3
Comparison of postoperative complications in the experimental control group

Group	Experimental group ( $n=$ 72)	Control group ( $n=$ 74)	Chi-square value	$P$
Combined complications			/	/
Hemorrhage	1	0
Incision edema	3	2
Uroschesis	1	1
Anal stenosis	1	2
Complication occurrence			0.13	$>$ 0.05
No complications	66 (91.67)	69 (93.24)
Complications	6 (8.33)	5 (6.76)

3.4 Comparison of discharge readiness between the control and experimental groups

After the implementation of the segmented nursing pathway, the experimental group had a higher discharge readiness than the control group (112.42 $\pm$ 3.28 vs 95.82 $\pm$ 3.41, $P<$ 0.05), as shown in Table 4.

Table 4
Comparison of discharge readiness scores between experimental control group patients (points)

Group	Experimental group ( $n=$ 72)	Control group ( $n=$ 74)	$t$	$P$
Adaptability	47.23 $\pm$ 1.25	42.15 $\pm$ 2.32	16.531	$<$ 0.01
Expected support	38.41 $\pm$ 1.45	31.54 $\pm$ 2.47	20.561	$<$ 0.01
Personal status	26.78 $\pm$ 0.93	22.13 $\pm$ 2.36	15.74	$<$ 0.01
Total score of discharge readiness	112.42 $\pm$ 3.28	95.82 $\pm$ 3.41	29.981	$<$ 0.01

3.5 Comparison of nursing satisfaction between the control and experimental groups

After the implementation of the segmented nursing pathway, the experimental group had higher nursing satisfaction than the control group (97.22% vs 70.27%, $P<$ 0.05), as shown in Table 5.

Table 5
Comparison of nursing satisfaction in the experimental control group (%)

Group	Experimental group ( $n=$ 72)	Control group ( $n=$ 74)	Chi-square	$P$
Satisfaction situation			19.299	$<$ 0.001
Very satisfied	25	4
Satisfaction	28	19
Generally satisfied	17	29
Dissatisfied	2	16
Very dissatisfied	0	6
Satisfaction	70 (97.22)	52 (70.27)
Dissatisfaction	2 (2.78)	22 (29.73)

4. Discussion

4.1 Significance of segmental nursing pathway for preoperative readiness and anxiety status of patients undergoing day surgery

Day surgery is currently widely performed both domestically and internationally. The successful implementation of day surgery relies on effective medical and nursing management. After the implementation of a segmental nursing pathway, patients are admitted early, have a high awareness of the day surgery process, achieve high completion rates of preoperative preparations and exhibit high satisfaction with these preparations. Studies have shown that comprehensive preoperative preparations are beneficial for the surgical process, effectively reducing surgical risks and improving patient safety [15]. A segmental nursing pathway can provide personalised nursing services by tailoring nursing plans based on the characteristics and needs of each patient, making patients feel cared for and valued. Furthermore, the segmental nursing pathway emphasises the continuity and coordination of the nursing process, reducing information gaps and nursing errors between different stages and increasing patient trust and satisfaction with the nursing process. Lastly, the segmental nursing pathway can provide comprehensive nursing guidance and education, helping patients understand the preoperative preparations and postoperative precautions, thereby enhancing their understanding and acceptance of the surgical process. The improvement of the nurse’s supervision of the preoperative checklist can increase the level of preoperative readiness, ensure adequate surgical preparations, reduce the delay in surgery start time, effectively improve the efficiency of medical resource utilisation and enhance patient satisfaction [16, 17, 18].

Most patients experience negative emotions such as anxiety and tension before surgery. Maintaining a positive mindset prior to surgery is conducive to the safety and recovery of the procedure. Traditional nursing methods often overlook this aspect, and patients may worry about the short duration of day surgery, inadequate care during hospitalisation and post-discharge recovery issues. Day surgery patients are particularly prone to experiencing negative emotions, especially high levels of preoperative anxiety, compared with patients undergoing regular inpatient surgery [19].

In this study, the use of a segmental nursing pathway allowed for the development of personalised preoperative psychological health guidance for the patients, alleviating their anxiety and enhancing their treatment confidence. Zhang et al. [20] conducted a study on the psychological resilience levels of 199 patients undergoing hysteroscopy day surgery, and the results indicated that the preoperative psychological resilience levels of the patients were generally low. Therefore, targeted psychological interventions should be implemented by medical and nursing staff pre-surgery to improve patients’ psychological resilience and lay a good foundation for surgery and postoperative recovery. By providing comprehensive preoperative education, emotional support and postoperative recovery guidance, the segmental nursing pathway helps patients better cope with discomfort and fear during the surgical process, effectively reducing the preoperative anxiety in patients undergoing day colorectal surgery. This finding is consistent with the results of Chen et al.’s [21] study on clinical nursing pathways and uterine fibroid surgery.

The results of the present study showed that after the implementation of the segmental nursing pathway, the experimental group of patients had better preoperative readiness indicators and lower levels of preoperative anxiety and other adverse emotions compared with the control group, suggesting that the segmental nursing pathway has a positive impact on improving the preoperative readiness and reducing adverse emotions in patients undergoing day colorectal surgery.

4.2 Reduction in the incidence of postoperative complications in patients undergoing day colorectal surgery using the segmental nursing pathway

In this study, there was no significant correlation between the segmental nursing pathway and the occurrence of postoperative complications in patients undergoing colorectal surgery. This suggests that future nursing efforts should focus on strengthening guidance and skill development for wound care in patients undergoing day colorectal surgery, further improving nursing protocols and seeking more effective nursing measures [22]. Despite these study results, the segmental nursing pathway remains an important nursing management model, one that has demonstrated positive effects in many other types of surgeries or diseases, such as improving patients’ postoperative recovery and reducing the occurrence of complications, thereby improving the quality of nursing care [23]. Liu et al. [24] implemented the segmental nursing model in a nephrology ward and the study results indicated that the segmental nursing approach reduced patient complications, significantly improved nutritional status and increased patient satisfaction. Future research can further explore the effects of the segmental nursing pathway in other surgical procedures, further improving the quality of patient care and satisfaction.

4.3 Segmental nursing pathway improves discharge readiness of ambulatory colorectal surgery patients

Discharge readiness, first proposed by the British scholar, A.M. Fenwick, assesses patients’ physiological, psychological and social aspects to evaluate whether they are ready for appropriate discharge, with adequate postoperative recovery abilities [25, 26, 27, 28]. Colorectal surgery patients often worry about postoperative dietary and bowel issues affecting wound healing, as well as the impact of concealed wounds on recovery [29, 30]. Due to the short duration of ambulatory surgery, patients lack confidence in their prognosis, resulting in a lack of readiness for discharge. The segmental nursing pathway ensures timely and effective care for patients in various stages, both preoperatively and postoperatively, through rational nursing arrangements and coordination. In the preoperative stage, nursing staff conduct detailed assessments and education to help patients understand the purpose, process and risks of surgery, providing appropriate rehabilitation advice and self-management techniques. During the intraoperative stage, nursing staff closely monitor patients’ vital signs and surgical progress, promptly managing and preventing complications. In the postoperative stage, nursing staff provide rehabilitation guidance and care, assisting patients in recovering quickly and adapting to post-discharge life. Through this segmental nursing pathway, patients can better understand their own disease and treatment, improve their rehabilitation and self-management abilities, thereby enhancing discharge readiness. Shi et al. [31] noted in their study on the effects of the segmental nursing pathway in comprehensive ambulatory surgery for large varicose veins that the segmental nursing pathway can enhance discharge readiness, reduce patients’ economic burden and expedite the turnover of hospital beds, thus promoting medical efficiency. In addition, nursing staff develop appropriate individualised discharge guidance plans based on patients’ actual conditions, not only enhancing patients’ confidence in discharge and reducing delayed discharge rates but also promoting patient recovery [32, 33].

Furthermore, the segmental nursing pathway reduces patients’ length of stay and costs through rational nursing arrangements and coordination. Under the traditional nursing model, patients often receive continuous care during their hospitalisation, leading to increased lengths of stay and costs. However, the segmental nursing pathway divides the nursing process into different stages, including preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative, arranging targeted care based on patients’ conditions and treatment progress, and developing personalised discharge plans, thus reducing readmission rates and saving costs [34, 35]. The results of this study indicate that after implementing the segmental nursing pathway, the experimental group had higher discharge readiness than the control group, suggesting the significant role of the segmental nursing pathway in improving discharge readiness in ambulatory colorectal surgery patients.

4.4 Improvement in nursing satisfaction of ambulatory colorectal surgery patients using the segmental nursing pathway

The segmental nursing pathway develops personalised nursing plans based on patients’ characteristics and surgical types, providing continuous and coordinated nursing services to meet patients’ individualised nursing needs. The traditional nursing model has limited patient-nurse interaction and lacks effective communication, while the segmental nursing pathway strengthens the effective communication and interaction between patients and nurses, enhancing the former’s trust and satisfaction with nursing care. Zhang et al. [20] reported in their study on perioperative comprehensive nursing for 100 patients with breast fibroadenoma that the patients’ negative emotions improved, the complications were reduced and, consequently, the nursing satisfaction was increased. Nursing satisfaction reflects comprehensive nursing experience outcomes. In this study, the patients demonstrated higher preoperative readiness, lower SAS and SDS scores, improved discharge readiness and multi-level satisfaction in terms of physiological, psychological and social aspects after receiving segmental pathway nursing care, suggesting the significant impact of implementing this nursing pathway on patient nursing satisfaction.

This study has certain limitations. First, due to the small sample size, there may be some bias in generalising the results, and further multicentre studies with larger samples are needed to validate the effects of the segmental nursing pathway in ambulatory colorectal surgery patients. Second, this study did not conduct regular follow-ups at each stage, and long-term application effects need further observation and research.

5. Conclusion

In conclusion, as an effective nursing model, the segmental nursing pathway has achieved good results in the nursing of various diseases. This study explored the application of the segmental nursing pathway in ambulatory colorectal surgery patients and found that it effectively improves patients’ preoperative satisfaction and discharge readiness, reduces patient anxiety and enhances nursing satisfaction. Therefore, the segmental nursing pathway can be promoted and applied as an important strategy for nursing care in ambulatory colorectal surgery patients.

Ethics statement

This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the ethics committee of The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC.

Written informed consent was obtained from the participants.

Availability of data and materials

All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article.

Funding

None to report.

Footnotes

Acknowledgments

None to report.

Conflict of interest

The author declares that there are no competing interests.

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Study on the application of segmented nursing pathway in daytime anorectal surgery patients

Abstract

BACKGROUND:

OBJECTIVE:

METHODS:

RESULTS:

CONCLUSION:

Keywords

1. Introduction

2. Data and methods

2.1 Clinical data

2.2 Inclusion and exclusion criteria

2.3 Surgical procedures

2.4 Nursing and intervention measures

2.4.1 Control group

2.4.2 Experimental group

2.4.2.1 Preoperative stage

2.4.2.2 Intraoperative stage

2.4.2.3 Postoperative stage

2.4.3 Observation indicators

(1) Preoperative preparation degree

(2) Preoperative anxiety score

(3) Postoperative complication rate

(4) Discharge preparation degree

(5) Nursing satisfaction

2.4.4 Statistical methods

3. Results

3.1 Baseline characteristics of the study participants

3.2 Comparison of preoperative preparation and preoperative anxiety scores between the control and experimental groups

Table 1 Comparison of preoperative preparation in the experimental control group (%)

Table 3 Comparison of postoperative complications in the experimental control group

Table 4 Comparison of discharge readiness scores between experimental control group patients (points)

Table 5 Comparison of nursing satisfaction in the experimental control group (%)

4.1 Significance of segmental nursing pathway for preoperative readiness and anxiety status of patients undergoing day surgery

4.2 Reduction in the incidence of postoperative complications in patients undergoing day colorectal surgery using the segmental nursing pathway

4.3 Segmental nursing pathway improves discharge readiness of ambulatory colorectal surgery patients

4.4 Improvement in nursing satisfaction of ambulatory colorectal surgery patients using the segmental nursing pathway

5. Conclusion

Ethics statement

Availability of data and materials

Funding

Footnotes

Acknowledgments

Conflict of interest

References

Table 1
Comparison of preoperative preparation in the experimental control group (%)

Table 3
Comparison of postoperative complications in the experimental control group

Table 4
Comparison of discharge readiness scores between experimental control group patients (points)

Table 5
Comparison of nursing satisfaction in the experimental control group (%)