For the busy clinician, educator, or manager, it is becoming an increasing challenge to filter the literature to what is relevant to one's practice and then update one's practice based on the current evidence. The purpose of this paper is to review the recent literature related to long-term oxygen therapy, pulmonary rehabilitation, airway management, acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome, respiratory care education, and respiratory care management. These topics were chosen and reviewed in a manner that is most likely to have interest to the readers of Respiratory Care.
MacintyreNR, NavaS, DiBlasiRM, RestrepoRD, HessDR. Respiratory care year in review 2010: part 2. Invasive mechanical ventilation, noninvasive ventilation, pediatric mechanical ventilation, aerosol therapy. Respir Care, 2011; 56(5):667–680.
2.
RubinBK, DhandR, RuppelGL, BransonRD, HessDR. Respiratory care year in review 2010: part 1. Asthma, COPD, pulmonary function testing, ventilator-associated pneumonia. Respir Care, 2011; 56(4):488–502.
3.
Nocturnal Oxygen Therapy Trial Group. Continuous or nocturnal oxygen therapy in hypoxemic chronic obstructive lung disease: a clinical trial. Ann Intern Med, 1980; 93(3):391–398.
4.
Long term domiciliary oxygen therapy in chronic hypoxic cor pulmonale complicating chronic bronchitis and emphysema. Report of the Medical Research Council Working Party. Lancet, 1981; 1(8222):681–686.
EvansRA, GoldsteinRS. Long-term oxygen therapy: still not preventing the blues. Chest, 2011; 139(2):238–240.
8.
KatsenosS, ConstantopoulosSH. Long-term oxygen therapy in COPD: factors affecting and ways of improving patient compliance. Pulm Med, 2011; 2011:325362. DOI:10.1155/2011/325362.
9.
ArnoldE, BrutonA, Donovan-HallM, FenwickA, DibbB, WalkerE. Ambulatory oxygen: why do COPD patients not use their portable systems as prescribed? A qualitative study. BMC Pulm Med, 2011; 11:9..
10.
CirioS, NavaS. Pilot study of a new device to titrate oxygen flow in hypoxic patients on long-term oxygen therapy. Respir Care, 2011; 56(4):429–434.
11.
RiceKL, SchmidtMF, BuanJS, LebahnF, SchwarzockTK. AccuO2 oximetry-driven oxygen-conserving device versus fixed-dose oxygen devices in stable COPD patients. Respir Care, 2011; 56(12):1901–1905.
12.
LobatoSD, RodriguezEP, AlisesSM. Portable pulse-dose oxygen concentrators should not be used with noninvasive ventilation. Respir Care, 2011; 56(12):1950–1952.
13.
MurabitA, TredgetEE. Review of burn injuries secondary to home oxygen. J Burn Care Res, 2011 [ePub ahead of print]..
14.
ColetaKD, LimaDF, TanniSE, SilveiraLV, GodoyI. [Gender and health status response to long-term oxygen therapy in COPD patients]. Arch Bronconeumol, 2011; 47(8):382–388. Article in Spanish..
15.
PuhanMA, Gimeno-SantosE, ScharplatzM, TroostersT, WaltersEH, SteurerJ. Pulmonary rehabilitation following exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2011(10):CD005305..
16.
KoFW, DaiDL, NgaiJ, TungA, NgS, LaiK, et al. Effect of early pulmonary rehabilitation on health care utilization and health status in patients hospitalized with acute exacerbations of COPD. Respirology, 2011; 16(4):617–624.
17.
RiceKL, DewanNA, BloomfieldHE, GrillJ, SchultTM, NelsonDB, et al. Disease management program for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 2010; 182(7):890–896.
SwigrisJJ, FaircloughDL, MorrisonM, MakeB, KozoraE, BrownKK, et al. Benefits of pulmonary rehabilitation in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Respir Care, 2011; 56(6):783–789.
20.
KozuR, SenjyuH, JenkinsSC, MukaeH, SakamotoN, KohnoS. Differences in response to pulmonary rehabilitation in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Respiration, 2011; 81(3):196–205.
21.
BeauchampMK, Janaudis-FerreiraT, GoldsteinRS, BrooksD. Optimal duration of pulmonary rehabilitation for individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review. Chron Respir Dis, 2011; 8(2):129–140.
22.
JenkinsS, CecinsN. Six-minute walk test: observed adverse events and oxygen desaturation in a large cohort of patients with chronic lung disease. Intern Med J, 2011; 41(5):416–422.
23.
SundararajanL, BalamiJ, PackhamS. Effectiveness of outpatient pulmonary rehabilitation in elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. J Cardiopulm Rehabil Prev, 2010; 30(2):121–125.
24.
VoducN, TessierC, SabriE, FergussonD, LavalleeL, AaronSD. Effects of oxygen on exercise duration in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients before and after pulmonary rehabilitation. Can Respir J, 2010; 17(1):e14–e19.
25.
NeumarRW, OttoCW, LinkMS, KronickSL, ShusterM, CallawayCW, et al. Part 8: adult advanced cardiovascular life support. 2010 American Heart Association Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care. Circulation, 2010; 122(18 Suppl 3):S729–S767.
26.
EglyJ, CustodioD, BishopN, PrescottM, LuciaV, JacksonRE, et al. Assessing the impact of prehospital intubation on survival in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Prehosp Emerg Care, 2011; 15(1):44–49.
27.
BukurM, KurtovicS, BerryC, TaniosM, MarguliesDR, LeyEJ, et al. Pre-hospital intubation is associated with increased mortality after traumatic brain injury. J Surg Res, 2011; 170(1):e117–121.
28.
DavisDP, KoprowiczKM, NewgardCD, DayaM, BulgerEM, StiellI, et al. The relationship between out-of-hospital airway management and outcome among trauma patients with Glasgow Coma Scale Scores of 8 or less. Prehosp Emerg Care, 2011; 15(2):184–192.
29.
FullertonJN, RobertsKJ, WyseM. Should non-anaesthetists perform pre-hospital rapid sequence induction? An observational study. Emerg Med J, 2011; 28(5):428–431.
30.
WilbersNE, HamaekersAE, JansenJ, WijeringSC, ThomasO, Wilbers-van RensR, et al. Prehospital airway management: a prospective case study. Acta Anaesthesiol Belg, 2011; 62(1):23–31.
31.
BoedekerBH, BernhagenM, NicholasTAt, MurrayWB. Combined intubation training (simulated and human) for 4th year medical students: the Center for Advanced Technology and Telemedicine airway training program. Stud Health Technol Inform, 2011; 163:71–73.
32.
BoedekerBH, BoedekerKA, BernhagenMA, MillerDJ, LacyT. Battlefield tracheal intubation training using virtual simulation: a multi center operational assessment of video laryngoscope technology. Stud Health Technol Inform, 2011; 163:74–76.
33.
SaklesJC, MosierJ, HadeedG, HudsonM, ValenzuelaT, LatifiR. Telemedicine and telepresence for prehospital and remote hospital tracheal intubation using a GlideScope videolaryngoscope: a model for tele-intubation. Telemed J E Health, 2011; 17(3):185–188.
34.
ChoJ, ChungHS, ChoaM, YooSK, KimJ. A pilot study of the Tele-Airway Management System in a hospital emergency department. J Telemed Telecare, 2011; 17(1):49–53.
35.
CinarO, CevikE, YildirimAO, YasarM, KilicE, ComertB. Comparison of GlideScope video laryngoscope and intubating laryngeal mask airway with direct laryngoscopy for endotracheal intubation. Eur J Emerg Med, 2011; 18(2):117–120.
36.
ErlacherW, TiefenbrunnerH, KastenbauerT, SchwarzS, FitzgeraldRD. CobraPLUS and Cookgas air-Q versus Fastrach for blind endotracheal intubation: a randomised controlled trial. Eur J Anaesthesiol, 2011; 28(3):181–186.
37.
KohamaH, KomasawaN, UekiR, SammaA, NakagawaM, NishiS, et al. Comparison of Supreme and Soft Seal laryngeal masks for airway management during cardiopulmonary resuscitation in novice doctors: a manikin study. J Anesth, 2011; 25(1):98–103.
38.
KomasawaN, AtagiK, UekiR, NishiS, KaminohY, TashiroC. Comparison of optic laryngoscope Airtraq and Miller laryngoscope for tracheal intubation during infant cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Resuscitation, 2011; 82(6):736–739.
39.
LopezAM, ValeroR, HurtadoP, GambusP, PonsM, AngladaT. Comparison of the LMA Supreme with the LMA Proseal for airway management in patients anaesthetized in prone position. Br J Anaesth, 2011; 107(2):265–271.
40.
MessaMJ, KupasDF, DunhamDL. Comparison of bougie-assisted intubation with traditional endotracheal intubation in a simulated difficult airway. Prehosp Emerg Care, 2011; 15(1):30–33.
41.
NishikawaK, HukuokaE, KawagishiT, ShimodateY, YamakageM. Efficacy of the Airtraq laryngoscope with a fiberoptic bronchoscope compared with that of Airtraq alone for tracheal intubation: a manikin study. J Anesth, 2011; 25(1):93–97.
42.
PrasarnML, ConradB, RuberyPT, WendlingA, AydogT, HorodyskiM, et al. Comparison of four airway devices on cervical spine alignment in a cadaver model with global ligamentous instability at C5-6. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 2011 [ePub ahead of print]..
43.
WeberU, OguzR, PoturaLA, KimbergerO, KoberA, TschernkoE. Comparison of the i-gel and the LMA-Unique laryngeal mask airway in patients with mild to moderate obesity during elective short-term surgery. Anaesthesia, 2011; 66(6):481–487.
44.
AzizMF, HealyD, KheterpalS, FuRF, DillmanD, BrambrinkAM. Routine clinical practice effectiveness of the GlideScope in difficult airway management: an analysis of 2,004 GlideScope intubations, complications, and failures from two institutions. Anesthesiology, 2011; 114(1):34–41.
45.
TrimmelH, KreutzigerJ, FertsakG, FitzkaR, DittrichM, VoelckelWG. Use of the Airtraq laryngoscope for emergency intubation in the prehospital setting: a randomized control trial. Crit Care Med, 2011; 39(3):489–493.
46.
VenkateshV, PonnusamyV, AnandarajJ, ChaudharyR, MalviyaM, ClarkeP, et al. Endotracheal intubation in a neonatal population remains associated with a high risk of adverse events. Eur J Pediatr, 2011; 170(2):223–227.
47.
JagannathanN, KhoMF, KozlowskiRJ, SohnLE, SiddiquiA, WongDT. Retrospective audit of the air-Q intubating laryngeal airway as a conduit for tracheal intubation in pediatric patients with a difficult airway. Paediatr Anaesth, 2011; 21(4):422–427.
48.
JagannathanN, KozlowskiRJ, SohnLE, LangenKE, RothAG, MukherjiII, et al. A clinical evaluation of the intubating laryngeal airway as a conduit for tracheal intubation in children. Anesth Analg, 2011; 112(1):176–182.
49.
YunMJ, HwangJW, ParkSH, HanSH, ParkHP, KimJH, et al. The 90 degrees rotation technique improves the ease of insertion of the ProSeal laryngeal mask airway in children. Can J Anaesth, 2011; 58(4):379–383.
50.
RognasLK, HansenTM. EMS-physicians' self reported airway management training and expertise; a descriptive study from the Central Region of Denmark. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med, 2011; 19:10..
51.
CombesX, JabreP, MargenetA, MerleJC, LerouxB, DruM, et al. Unanticipated difficult airway management in the prehospital emergency setting: prospective validation of an algorithm. Anesthesiology, 2011; 114(1):105–110.
52.
AmathieuR, CombesX, AbdiW, HousseiniLE, RezzougA, DincaA, et al. An algorithm for difficult airway management, modified for modern optical devices (Airtraq laryngoscope; LMA CTrach): a 2-year prospective validation in patients for elective abdominal, gynecologic, and thyroid surgery. Anesthesiology, 2011; 114(1):25–33.
ShariG, KojicicM, LiG, Cartin-CebaR, AlvarezCT, KashyapR, et al. Timing of the onset of acute respiratory distress syndrome: a population-based study. Respir Care, 2011; 56(5):576–582.
55.
HerasevichV, TsapenkoM, KojicicM, AhmedA, KashyapR, VenkataC, et al. Limiting ventilator-induced lung injury through individual electronic medical record surveillance. Crit Care Med, 2011; 39(1):34–39.
56.
BrowerRG, MatthayMA, MorrisA, SchoenfeldD, ThompsonBT, WheelerA. Ventilation with lower tidal volumes as compared with traditional tidal volumes for acute lung injury and the acute respiratory distress syndrome. N Engl J Med, 2000; 342(18):1301–1308.
57.
WalkeyAJ, WienerRS. Risk factors for underuse of lung-protective ventilation in acute lung injury. J Crit Care, 2011 [ePub ahead of print]..
58.
BrowerRG, LankenPN, MacIntryreN, MatthayMA, MorrisA, AncukiewiczM, et al. Higher versus lower positive end-expiratory pressures in patients with the acute respiratory distress syndrome. N Engl J Med, 2004; 351(4):327–336.
59.
National Heart Lung and Blood Institute Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) Clinical Trials NetworkWheelerAP, BernardGR, ThompsonBT, ShchoenfeldD, WiedemannHP, et al. Pulmonary-artery versus central venous catheter to guide treatment of acute lung injury. N Engl J Med, 2006; 354(21):2213–2224.
60.
National Heart Lung and Blood Institute Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) Clinical Trials NetworkWiedemannHP, WheelerAP, BernardGR, ThompsonBT, HaydenD, et al. Comparison of two fluid-management strategies in acute lung injury. N Engl J Med, 2006; 354(24):2564–2575.
61.
HanS, MartinGS, MaloneyJP, ShanholtzC, BarnesKC, MurrayS, et al. Short women with severe sepsis-related acute lung injury receiving lung protective ventilation less frequently: an observational study. Crit Care, 2011; 15:R262..
62.
MacIntyreNR. Counterpoint: is pressure assist-control preferred over volume assist-control mode for lung protective ventilation in patients with ARDS? No. Chest, 2011; 140(2):290–294.
63.
MariniJJ. Point: is pressure assist-control preferred over volume assist-control mode for lung protective ventilation in patients with ARDS? Yes. Chest, 2011; 140(2):286–293.
64.
ChiumelloD, CarlessoE, CadringherP, ValenzaF, PolliF, TallariniF, et al. Lung stress and strain during mechanical ventilation for acute respiratory distress syndrome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 2008; 178(4):346–355.
65.
MacIntyreNR, SesslerCN. Are there benefits or harm from pressure targeting during lung-protective ventilation?. Respir Care, 2010; 55(2):175–183.
66.
BruhnA, BugedoD, RiquelmeF, VarasJ, RetamalJ, BesaC, et al. Tidal volume is a major determinant of cyclic recruitment-derecruitment in acute respiratory distress syndrome. Minerva Anesthesiol, 2011; 77(4):418–426.
67.
GrassoS. ARDS New ventilatory protocol reloaded: back to physiology?. Minerva Anesthesiol, 2011; 77(4):385–387.
68.
HagerDN, KrishnanJA, HaydenDL, BrowerRG. Tidal volume reduction in patients with acute lung injury when plateau pressures are not high. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 2005; 172(10):1241–1245.
69.
DasenbrookEC, NeedhamDM, BrowerRG, FanE. Higher PEEP in patients with acute lung injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Respir Care, 2011; 56(5):568–577.
70.
BrielM, MeadeM, MercatA, BrowerRG, TalmorD, WalterSD, et al. Higher vs lower positive end-expiratory pressure in patients with acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome. JAMA, 2010; 303(9):865–873.
71.
ObaY, ThameemD, ZazaT. High levels of PEEP may improve survival in acute respiratory distress syndrome: a meta-analysis. Respir Med, 2009; 103(8):1174–1181.
72.
PhoenixSI, ParavastuS, ColumbM, VincentJL, NirmalanM. Does a higher positive end expiratory pressure decrease mortality in acute respiratory distress syndrome? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Anesthesiology, 2009; 110(5):1098–1105.
73.
PutensenC, TheuerkaufN, ZinderlingJ, WriggeH, PelosiP. Meta-analysis: ventilation strategies and outcomes of the acute respiratory distress syndrome and acute lung injury. Ann Intern Med, 2009; 151(8):566–576.
74.
MeadeMO, CookDJ, GuyattGH, SlutskyAS, ArabiYM, CooperDJ, et al. Ventilation strategy using low tidal volumes, recruitment maneuvers, and high positive end-expiratory pressure for acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome. A randomized clinical trial. JAMA, 2008; 299(6):637–645.
75.
MercatA, RichardJCM, VielleB, JaberS, OsmanD, DiehlJL, et al. Positive end-expiratory pressure setting in adults with acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome. A randomized controlled trial. JAMA, 2008; 299(6):646–655.
76.
TalmorD, SargeT, MalhotraA, O'DonnellCR, RitzR, LisbonA, et al. Mechanical ventilation guided by esophageal pressure in acute lung injury. N Engl J Med, 2008; 359(20):2095–2104.
77.
FanE, WilcoxME, BrowerRG, StewartTE, MehtaS, LapinskySE, et al. Recruitment maneuvers for acute lung injury. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 2008; 178(11):1156–1163.
78.
ArnalJM, PaquetJ, WysockiM, DemoryD, DonatiS, GranierI, et al. Optimal duration of a sustained inflation recruitment maneuver in ARDS patients. Intensive Care Med, 2011; 37(10):1588–1594.
79.
AlbertSP, DiRoccoJ, AllenGB, BatesJHT, LafolletteR, KubiakBD, et al. The role of time and pressure on alveolar recruitment. J Appl Physiol, 2009; 106(3):757–765.
80.
MariniJJ. Recruitment by sustained inflation: time for a change. Intensive Care Med, 2011; 37(10):1572–1574.
81.
AbrougF, Ouanes-BesbesL, DachraouiF, OuanesI, BrochardL. An updated study-level meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials on proning in ARDS and acute lung injury. Crit Care, 2011; 15:R6..
82.
GattinoniL, TognoniG, PesentiA, TacconeP, MascheroniD, LabartaV, et al. Effect of prone positioning on the survival of patients with acute respiratory failure. N Engl J Med, 2001; 345(8):568–573.
83.
GuerinC, GaillardS, LemassonS, AyzacL, GirardR, BeuretP, et al. Effects of systemic prone positioning in hypoxemic acute respiratory failure. JAMA, 2004; 292(19):2379–2387.
ChanMC, HsuJY, LuiHH, LeeYL, PongSC, ChangLY, et al. Effects of prone position on inflammatory markers in patients with ARDS due to community-acquired pneumonia. J Formos Med Assoc, 2007; 106(9):708–716.
86.
FernandezR, TrenchsX, KlamburgJ, CastedoJ, SerranoJM, BessoG, et al. Prone positioning in acute respiratory distress syndrome: a multicenter randomized clinical trial. Intensive Care Med, 2008; 34(8):1487–1491.
87.
ManceboJ, FernandezR, BlanchL, RialpG, GordoF, FerrerM, et al. A multicenter trail of prolonged prone ventilation in severe acute respiratory distress syndrome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 2006; 173(11):1233–1239.
88.
TacconeP, PesentiA, LatiniR, PolliF, VagginelliF, MiettoC, et al. Prone positioning in patients with moderate and severe acute respiratory distress syndrome-a randomized controlled trial. JAMA, 2009; 302(18):1977–1984.
89.
National Heart Lung and Blood Institute Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) Clinical Trials NetworkMatthayMA, BrowerRG, CarsonS, DouglasIS, EisnerM, et al. Randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial of an aerosolized beta-2 agonist for treatment of acute lung injury. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 2011; 184(5):561–568.
90.
BarnesTA, KacmarekRM, DurbinCGJr. Survey of respiratory therapy education program directors in the United States. Respir Care, 2011; 56(12):1906–1915.
91.
GiordanoSP. Building a bridge to the future: some points to ponder (editorial). Respir Care, 2011; 56(5):720–721.
92.
BarnesTA, GaleDD, KacmarekRM, KagelerWV. Competencies needed by graduate respiratory therapists in 2015 and beyond. Respir Care, 2010; 55(5):601–616.
93.
BarnesTA, KacmarekRM, KagelerWV, MorrisMJ, DurbinCGJr. Transitioning the respiratory therapy workforce for 2015 and beyond. Respir Care, 2011; 56(5):681–690.
94.
KacmarekRM, DurbinCGJr, BarnesTA, KagelerWV, WaltonJR, O'NeilEH. Creating a vision for respiratory care in 2015 and beyond. Respir Care, 2009; 54(3):375–389.
95.
RyeKJ. Critical thinking in respiratory therapy. Respir Care, 2011; 56(3):364–365.
96.
WettsteinRB, WilkinsRL, GardnerDD, RestrepoRD. Critical-thinking ability in respiratory care students and its correlation with age, educational background, and performance on national board examinations. Respir Care, 2011; 56(3):284–289.
97.
AriA. Implementing computerized patient simulations as a measure of student learning on patient management in respiratory therapy education. Respir Care Educ Annual, 2011; 20:11–16.
98.
GonzalesJF, MarshallSG, RussianCJ, StokesTJ. Critical thinking skills and preferred learning styles of respiratory care students. Respir Care Educ Annual, 2010; 19:57–62.
99.
HinksonCR, KaurN, SipesMW, PiersonDJ. Impact of offering continuing respiratory care education credit hours on staff participation in a respiratory care journal club. Respir Care, 2011; 56(3):303–305.
100.
MessengerR, LewarskiJ. The challenge of effectively training COPD patients. AARC Times, 2011; 35(6):26–28.
101.
BunchD. Your. “patient” is waiting in room 1: simulation centers offer state-of-the-art training experiences for RTs. AARC Times, 2011; 35(9):55–64.
102.
KlipfelJM, GettmanMT, JohnsonKM, OlsonME, DerscheidDJ, MaxsonPM, et al. Using high-fidelity simulation to develop nurse-physician teams. J Contin Educ Nurs, 2011; 42(8):347–357.
103.
MaxsonPM, DozoisEJ, HolubarSD, WrobleskiDM, DubeJA, KlipfelJM, et al. Enhancing nurse and physician collaboration in clinical decision making through high-fidelity interdisciplinary simulation training. Mayo Clin Proc, 2011; 86(1):31–36.
104.
WalshBK, GentileMA, GrenierBM. Orienting new respiratory therapists into the neonatal/pediatric environment: a survey of educators and managers. Respir Care, 2011; 56(8):1122–1129.
105.
RyeK, ShelledyDC. Utilization of interdisciplinary education in respiratory care curricula. Respir Care Educ Annual, 2011; 20:1–10.
106.
VarekojisSM, SergakisGG, DunlevyCL, FooteE, ClutterJ. Distance learning and the internet in respiratory therapy education. Respir Care, 2011; 56(11):1808–1811.
FermanJH. Value-based purchasing program. Part II. Payments will be based on performance. Healthc Exec, 2011; 26(4):64, 66..
110.
FermanJH. Value-based purchasing program here to stay: payments will be based on performance. Healthc Exec, 2011; 26(3):76, 78..
111.
NelsonB. Value-based purchasing raises the stakes. Hospitalist, 2011..
112.
American Hospital Association 2010 Committee on Research. AHA research synthesis report: accountable care organization. Chicago: American Hospital Association; June2010. http://www.aha.org/research/cor/content/ACO-Synthesis-Report.pdf. Accessed January 31, 2012..
CromwellJ, TrisoliniM, PopeG, MitchellJ, GreenwaldL. Pay for performance in health care: methods and approaches. Research Triangle Park, NC: RTI Press; 2011:222–224.
116.
GoodmanD, FisherE, ChangC. After hospitalization: a Dartmouth Atlas Report on post-acute care for Medicare beneficiaries. Lebanon, NH: Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice; September28, 2011. http://www.dartmouthatlas.org/downloads/reports/Post_discharge_events_092811.pdf. Accessed January 31, 2012..
