State surveillance programs often operate in direct tension with ideals of democratic governance and accountability. The fraught history of surveillance programs in the United States, for instance, illustrates that government agencies mobilize discourses of exceptional circumstances to engage in domestic and foreign spying operations without public awareness or oversight. While many scholars, civil society groups, and media pundits have drawn attention to the propensity of state surveillance programs to violate civil liberties, less attention has been given to the complex trust dynamics of state surveillance. On one hand, in justifying state surveillance, government representatives claim that the public should trust police and intelligence communities not to violate their rights; on the other hand, the very act of engaging in secretive surveillance operations erodes public trust in government, especially when revelations about such programs come to light without any advance notice or consent. In order to better understand such trust dynamics, this paper will analyze some of the competing trust relationships of Department of Homeland Security (DHS) ‘fusion centers,’ with a focus on the role of these organizations in policing the Occupy Wall Street movement of 2011 and 2012.
ChurchillWard, and WallJim Vander. (2002). The COINTELPRO Papers: Documents from the FBI's Secret Wars Against Dissent in the United States.2nd ed.Cambridge, MA: South End Press.
4.
CitronDanielle Keats, and PasqualeFrank. (2011). Network Accountability for the Domestic Intelligence Apparatus. Hastings Law Journal62: p. 1441–1494
5.
DimockMichael, DohertyCarroll, TysonAlec, and GewurzDanielle. (2013). Few See Adequate Limits on NSA Surveillance Program. Washington, DC: Pew Research Center for the People and the Press.
6.
EllisDarren, HarperDavid, and TuckerIan. (2013). The Dynamics of Impersonal Trust and Distrust in Surveillance Systems. Sociological Research Online18 (3)
GilliomJohn. (2001). Overseers of the Poor: Surveillance, Resistance, and the Limits of Privacy.Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
10.
GilliomJohn, and MonahanTorin. (2013). SuperVision: An Introduction to the Surveillance Society.Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
11.
GreenwaldGlenn. (2014). No place to hide: Edward Snowden, the NSA, and the U.S. surveillance state.New York: Metropolitan Books.
12.
HaggertyKevin D., and EricsonRichard V.. (2000). The Surveillant Assemblage. British Journal of Sociology51 (4): p. 605–622
13.
HodaiBeau. (2013). Dissent or Terror: How the Nation's Counter Terrorism Apparatus, in Partnership with Corporate America, Turned on Occupy Wall Street: Center for Media and Democracy/DBA Press
LuhmannNiklas. (1979). Trust and Power.New York, NY: Wiley.
16.
LyonDavid. (2001). Surveillance Society: Monitoring Everyday Life.Buckingham England: Open University.
17.
MarxGary T. (2006). Soft Surveillance: The Growth of Mandatory Volunteerism in Collecting Personal Information - “Hey Buddy Can You Spare a DNA?”. In Surveillance and Security: Technological Politics and Power in Everyday Life, edited by MonahanT.. New York: Routledge, p. 37–56.
18.
McquadeBrendan. (2013). Preliminary Reflections on Intelligence Fusion and Intelligence-Led Policing in New York and New Jersey. Presented at Workshop on Critical Explorations of Data and Security. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina.
19.
MonahanTorin. (2011). The Future of Security? Surveillance Operations at Homeland Security Fusion Centers. Social Justice37 (2-3): p.84–98
20.
MonahanTorin, and ReganPriscilla M.. (2012). Zones of Opacity: Data Fusion in Post-9/11 Security Organizations. Canadian Journal of Law and Society27 (3): p. 301–317
21.
NeylandDaniel. (2006). Privacy, Surveillance and Public Trust.New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
22.
NockSteven L. (1993). The Costs of Privacy: Surveillance and Reputation in America.New York: Aldine De Gruyter.
23.
PARTNERSHIP FOR CIVIL JUSTICE, Fund. (2012) The Crackdown on the Occupy Movement: DHS Occupy Documents #1 2014/01/23/02:12:12 2012.
24.
PARTNERSHIP FOR CIVIL JUSTICE, Fund. (2013). New Documents Reveal: DHS spying on Peaceful Demonstrations and Activists. Partnership for Civil Justice Fund, 2013.
25.
ReganPriscilla M., and MonahanTorin. (2013). Beyond Counterterrorism: Data Sharing, Privacy, and Organizational Histories of DHS Fusion Centers. International Journal of E-Politics4 (3):1-14
26.
ReganPriscilla M., and MonahanTorin. (2014). Fusion Center Accountability Arrangements: Intergovernmental Information Sharing. Publius44 (3): p. 475–498
27.
StaplesWilliam G.2014. Everyday Surveillance: Vigilance and Visibility in Postmodern Life.2nd ed.Lanham, Md.: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.
28.
Tschannen-MoranMegan, and HoyWayne. 2000. A Multidisciplinary Analysis of the Nature, Meaning, and Measurement of Trust. Review of Educational Research70 (4): p. 547–593
29.
WassermanRobert. 2010. Guidance for Building Communities of Trust. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice
