Results of Targeted Therapies for M1 Renal Cell Carcinoma: Our Experience

Introduction

Since a few years ago no effective medical therapies were available to cure metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Nowadays, encouraging preliminary results support some new therapeutic agents, collectively named as targeted therapies (TT)..

This paper reviews our experience with the use of TT in the setting of RCC with metastasis at the diagnosis.

Material and Methods

Retrospective evaluation of the data of 24 patients (7 females, 17 males, median age: 59aa) affected by clear cell RCC with distant metastatis at diagnosis, treated with TT from 2005 to 2012.20 of the 24 patients (83,3%) underwent preliminary cytoreductive nephrectomy, whereas for the others a percutaneous biopsy of the renal tumor was obtained. 5 (20.8%) patients received an immunotherapy with IL-2 or IFN and then a TT due to a progression., Schedules were applied following heterogeneous regimens along the period of data collection (randomized clinical trial, expanded access, standard indication). Response has been evaluated by RECIST criteria.

Results

As first-line therapy of TT 18 patients received Sunitinib, 4 Sorafenib, 2 Temsirolimus; 11 received a second-line (8 Sorafenib, 2 Sunitinib, 1 Everolimus); 6 received also a third-line (5 Everolimus, 1 Tensirolimus). At last available control, after a mean follow up time of 13,7 months (1–29) a progressive disease was present in 12 cases (50%), a stable disease in 6 (25%), a reduction of the disease in 4 (16.5%); 7 patients (29.5%) died; overall mean survival of the entire group was 14,7 months.

Even if the study suffers from the limitations related to the small number of cases and the retrospective design, seems that no factors played a role in determining the response to theraphy.

Conclusions

The results of TT in clinical practice resemble the ones from randomised clinical trials. It's extremely hard to predict the response to treatment.