This article reviews pragmatic aspects of cannulation practice and types of cannulation devices, as well as their impact in vascular access for hemodialysis. Hemodialysis treatment requires successful insertion of two needles for each dialysis treatment. The first needle is the arterial needle; it removes blood with toxin accumulation from the patient and delivers it to the dialysis machine. The second needle, called the venous needle, returns the purified blood from the dialyzer to the patient. Mechanical and hemodynamic trauma related to needle insertions will be discussed.
SidawyANSpergelLMBesarabAet al.Society for Vascular Surgery. The Society for Vascular Surgery: clinical practice guidelines for the surgical placement and maintenance of arteriovenous hemodialysis access.J Vasc Surg2008;48(5 Suppl):2S–25S
2.
van LoonMMKesselsAGVan der SandeFMTordoirJHCannulation and vascular access-related complications in hemodialysis: factors determining successful cannulation.Hemodial Int2009;13(4):498–504
3.
DonnellySMMarticorenaRMWhen is a new fistula mature? The emerging science of fistula cannulation.Semin Nephrol2012;32(6):564–571
4.
MarticorenaRMDonnellySMProlonging access survival: The principles of optimal cannulation.In: Ing TS, Rahman MA, Kjellstrand CM, (eds).Dialysis: history, development, and promise. Singapore: World Scientific Publishing Pty Ltd2012185–192
5.
LeeTMokrzyckiMMoistLMayaIVazquezMLokCENorth American Vascular Access Consortium.Standardized definitions for hemodialysis vascular access. Semin Dial2011;24(5):515–524
6.
Van LoonMMKesselAGHVan Der SandeFMTordoirJHMCannulation practice patterns in haemodialysis vascular access: predictors for unsuccessful cannulation.J Ren Care2009;35(2):82–89
MarticorenaRMLathaKumarGurpreetDhillonet al.Real-time imaging of vascular access to optimize cannulation practice and education: role of the access procedure station (Abstracts of Kidney Week, November 2014, Philadelphia).J Am Soc NephrolAbstract Edition 2014;SA-PO 1072:889A. Available from: www.asn-online.org. Accessed Jan 12, 2016.
10.
CANNT. Nursing recommendations for the management of vascular access in adult hemodialysis patients: update.CANNT Journal2015;25(Suppl 1):13–2125–28
11.
National Kidney Foundation. KDOQI Clinical Practice Guidelines and Clinical Practice Recommendations for 2006.Am J Kidney Dis2006;48(Suppl 1):p.S1–S322Available from: http://www.ajkd.org/issue/S0272-6386(06)X0213-5.
12.
BrouwerDJCannulation camp: basic needle cannulation training for dialysis staff.Dial Transplant2011;40(10):434–439
13.
BrouwerDNeedle placement is paramount to achieving effective dialysis and preserving vascular accesses.Nephrol Nurs J2005;32(2):225–227
14.
DinwiddieLCBallLBrouwerDDoss-McQuittySHollandJWhat nephrologists need to know about vascular access cannulation.Semin Dial2013;26(3):315–322
15.
YevzlinASChanMRBeckerYTRoy-ChaudhuryPLeeTBeckerBN“Venopathy” at work: recasting neointimal hyperplasia in a new light.Transl Res2010;156(4):216–225
16.
Roy-ChaudhuryPKellyBSMelhemMet al.Vascular access in hemodialysis: issues, management, and emerging concepts.Cardiol Clin2005;23(3):249–273
17.
Roy-ChaudhuryPKellyBSNarayanaAet al.Hemodialysis vascular access dysfunction from basic biology to clinical intervention.Adv Ren Replace Ther2002;9(2):74–84
18.
Roy-ChaudhuryPSukhatmeVPCheungAKHemodialysis vascular access dysfunction: a cellular and molecular viewpoint.J Am Soc Nephrol2006;17(4):1112–1127
19.
Roy-ChaudhuryPKellyBSZhangJet al.Hemodialysis vascular access dysfunction: from pathophysiology to novel therapies.Blood Purif2003;21(1):99–110
20.
Roy-ChaudhuryPEndothelial progenitor cells, neointimal hyperplasia, and hemodialysis vascular access dysfunction: novel therapies for a recalcitrant clinical problem.Circulation2005;112(1):3–5
21.
SaranRDykstraDMPisoniRLet al.Timing of first cannulation and vascular access failure in haemodialysis: an analysis of practice patterns at dialysis facilities in the DOPPS.Nephrol Dial Transplant2004;19(9):2334–2340
22.
LeeTBarkerJAllonMNeedle infiltration of arteriovenous fistulae in hemodialysis: risk factors and consequences.Am J Kidney Dis2006;47(6):1020–1026
23.
KumbarLComplications of arteriovenous fistulae: beyond venous stenosis.Adv Chronic Kidney Dis2012;19(3):195–201
AllonMCurrent management of vascular access.Clin J Am Soc Nephrol2007;2(4):786–800
26.
BalazPBjorckMTrue aneurysm in autologous hemodialysis fistulae: definitions, classification and indications for treatment.J Vasc Access2015;16(6):446–53
27.
KrönungGPlastic deformation of Cimino fistula by repeated puncture.Dial Transplant1984;13635–638
28.
KonnerKNonnast-Daniel B, Ritz E.The arteriovenous fistula. J Am Soc Nephrol2003;14(6):1669–1680
29.
BallLKFatal vascular access hemorrhage: reducing the odds.Nephrol Nurs J2013;40(4):297–303quiz 304.
30.
GillJRStorckKKellySFatal exsanguination from hemodialysis vascular access sites.Forensic Sci Med Pathol2012;8(3):259–262
31.
LeeHMannsBTaubKet al.Cost analysis of ongoing care of patients with end-stage renal disease: the impact of dialysis modality and dialysis access.Am J Kidney Dis2002;40(3):611–622
32.
XueHLacsonEJrWangWCurhanGCBrunelliSMChoice of vascular access among incident hemodialysis patients: a decision and cost-utility analysis.Clin J Am Soc Nephrol2010;5(12):2289–2296
33.
WijnenEPlankenNKeuterXet al.Impact of a quality improvement programme based on vascular access flow monitoring on costs, access occlusion and access failure.Nephrol Dial Transplant2006;21(12):3514–3519
34.
RosasSEFeldmanHISynthetic vascular hemodialysis access versus native arteriovenous fistula: a cost-utility analysis.Ann Surg2012;255(1):181–186
35.
Roy-ChaudhuryPArendLZhangJet al.Neointimal hyperplasia in early arteriovenous fistula failure.Am J Kidney Dis2007;50(5):782–790
36.
ChangCJKoPJHsuLAet al.Highly increased cell proliferation activity in the restenotic hemodialysis vascular access after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty: implication in prevention of restenosis.Am J Kidney Dis2004;43(1):74–84
37.
AhmedSRoy-ChaudhuryPRadiation therapy for dialysis access stenosis: unfulfilled promise or false expectations.Semin Dial2012;25(4):464–469
38.
MimaAHemodialysis vascular access dysfunction: molecular mechanisms and treatment.Ther Apher Dial2012;16(4):321–327
39.
BeathardGAAngioplasty for arteriovenous grafts and fistulae.Semin Nephrol2002;22(3):202–210
40.
Roy-ChaudhuryPDuncanHBarrettWet al.Vascular brachytherapy for hemodialysis vascular access dysfunction: exploring an unmet clinical need.J Invasive Cardiol2003;15(Suppl A):25A–30A
41.
Roy-ChaudhuryPKellyBSMelhemMet al.Novel therapies for hemodialysis vascular access dysfunction: fact or fiction!Blood Purif2005;23(1):29–35
42.
Roy-ChaudhuryPKellyBSMillerMAet al.Venous neointimal hyperplasia in polytetrafluoroethylene dialysis grafts.Kidney Int2001;59(6):2325–2334
43.
LeeTRoy-ChaudhuryPAdvances and new frontiers in the pathophysiology of venous neointimal hyperplasia and dialysis access stenosis.Adv Chronic Kidney Dis2009;16(5):329–338
44.
Budu-GrajdeanuPSchugartRCFriedmanAValentineCAgarwalAKRovinBHA mathematical model of venous neointimal hyperplasia formation.Theor Biol Med Model2008;5(1):2
45.
UnnikrishnanSHuynhTNBrottBCet al.Turbulent flow evaluation of the venous needle during hemodialysis.J Biomech Eng2005;127(7):1141–1146
46.
HuynhTNChackoBKTengXet al.Effects of venous needle turbulence during ex vivo hemodialysis on endothelial morphology and nitric oxide formation.J Biomech2007;40(10):2158–2166
47.
TukaVWijnenEvan der SandeFMTordoirJHDialysis needle hemodynamics in arterio-venous fistulae: a technical report.J Vasc Access2009;10(3):157–159
48.
Van TrichtIDe WachterDTordoirJVanherckeDVerdonckPExperimental analysis of the hemodynamics in punctured vascular access grafts.ASAIO J2005;51(4):352–359
49.
KerrSFKrishanSLaphamRCWestonMJDuplex sonography in the planning and evaluation of arteriovenous fistulae for haemodialysis.Clin Radiol2010;65(9):744–749
