This paper explores the process of the emergence in Greece of the ‘Triple Helix’, and the nature of the ‘Helix’ in the context of the concurrent changes occurring in Greek socio-political affairs. The influence of politics and innovation policies on the relationships between academia and government and industry is considered. Emphasis is given to national and regional innovation policies and their impact on the commercialization of academic research in the National Technical University of Athens, the University of Thessaly and the Foundation for Research and Technology — Hellas (FORTH) in Crete.
AllisonG.T.NicolaidisK., eds (1997), The Greek Paradox: Promise vs Performance, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.
2.
CallonM. (1994), ‘Is science a public good? Fifth Mullins lecture’, Science, Technology and Human Values, Vol 19, No 4, pp 395–425.
3.
CannellW.DankbarrB., eds (1996), Technology Management and Public Policy in the European Union, Oxford University Press, Oxford.
4.
ChaikalisS. (1985), ‘What are the prospects in Greece?’, Special Issue on Biotechnology, Oikonomikos Taxidromos (Financial Postman), 29 August, p 27 (in Greek).
5.
ChemikoglouAch.ZotosM. (2008), ‘The professor entrepreneurs’, To Vima, 10 April (in Greek).
6.
CollinsP.PontikakisD. (2006), ‘Innovation systems in the European periphery: The policy approaches of Ireland and Greece’, Science and Public Policy, Vol 33, No 10, pp 757–769.
7.
CouloumbisTh.KariotisT.C.BellouF., eds (2003), Greece in the Twentieth Century, Routledge, London and New York.
8.
DeligiannisA. (1984), ‘Who and why react to the proposed Act for the research’, To Vima, 16 September (in Greek).
9.
DeniozosD.TsilenisS. (1993), ‘Design and uses of the technological infrastructures of GSRT’, Sychrona Thema, Vol 49, pp 99–105 (in Greek).
10.
DeniozosD. (1976), ‘The roles of producer–receptor of technology, commercial agent and the state’, Oikonomikos Taxidromos, No 1175, pp 76–78 (in Greek).
11.
DeniozosD. (1993), ‘Technology Policy’, in GiannitsisT.DeniozosD.CaloghirouYLiberakiA.TravlosS., (1993) Industrial and Technology Policy in Greece, Themelio, Athens, pp 209–261(in Greek).
12.
DiakogiannisJ.E. (1980), ‘Technological dependence and the control of the Greek economy from the West’, Oikonomikos Taxidromos, No 1386, 27 November, p 24 (in Greek).
13.
DiamandourosN.P. (1997), ‘Greek politics and society in the 1990s’, in AllisonG.T.NicolaidisK., eds (1997), The Greek Paradox: Promise vs Performance, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, pp 23–37.
14.
Erevnodas, 9 (2002) (in Greek).
15.
Erevnodas, 11 (2002) (in Greek).
16.
Erevnodas, 12 (2002) (in Greek).
17.
EtzkowitzH. (2002), MIT and the Rise of Entrepreneurial Science, Routledge, London and New York.
18.
EtzkowitzH. (2003), ‘Research groups as “quasi-firms”: The invention of the entrepreneurial university’, Research Policy, Vol 32, No 1, pp 109–121.
19.
EtzkowitzH. (2004), ‘The Triple Helix and the rise of the entrepreneurial university’, in GandinK.WormbsN.WodmalmS., eds (2004), The Science–Industry Nexus: History, Policy, Implications, Science History Publications, Sagamore, MA, pp 69–91.
20.
EtzkowitzH. (2006), ‘The new visible hand: An assisted linear model of science and innovation policy’, Science and Public Policy, Vol 33 No 5, pp 310–320.
21.
EtzkowitzH. (2008), The Triple Helix, Routledge, London and NY.
22.
FeatherstoneK. (1988), Socialist Parties and European Integration: A Comparative History, Manchester University Press, Manchester.
23.
FeatherstoneK. (2005), ‘Introduction: “Modernisation” and the structural constraints of Greek politics’, West European Politics, Vol 28 No 2, pp 223–241.
24.
FeatherstoneK.IfantisK., eds (1996), Greece in a Changing Europe: Between European Integration and Balkan Disintegration?, Manchester University Press, Manchester.
25.
Foreman-PeckJ.FedericoG., eds (1999), European Industrial Policy: The Twentieth Century Experience, Oxford University Press, Oxford.
26.
FrangoudakiA. (2003), ‘Greek education in the twentieth century’, in Couloumbis, Th., KariotisT.C.BellouF., eds (2003), Greece in the Twentieth Century, Routledge, London and New York, pp 198–215.
27.
GandinK.WormbsN.WodmalmS., eds (2004), The Science–Industry Nexus: History, Policy, Implications, Science History Publications, Sagamore, MA.
28.
GemtosP. (2007), ‘Universities and economic development’, in KladisD.KontiadisZ.PanousisJ., eds (2007), The Modernization of the Greek University, Papazisi, Athens (in Greek).
29.
GiannitsisT.DeniozosD.CaloghirouYLiberakiA.TravlosS., (1993) Industrial and Technology Policy in Greece, Themelio, Athens (in Greek).
30.
GibbonsM.LimogesC.NowotnyH.SchwatzmanS.ScottP.TrowM. (1994), The New Production of Knowledge: The Dynamics of Science and Research in Contemporary Societies, Sage, London.
31.
GreenbergD. (2007), Science for Sale: The Perils, Rewards and Delusions of Campus Capitalism, University Chicago Press, Chicago, IL and London.
32.
IoakimidisP. (1996), ‘Contradictions in the Europeanisation process’, in FeatherstoneK.IfantisK., eds (1996), Greece in a Changing Europe: Between European Integration and Balkan Disintegration?, Manchester University Press, Manchester, pp 33–52.
33.
KarampateasE.N. (1977), ‘Scientific research and technological development’, Oikonomikos Taxidromos, No 1219, 15 September, pp 22–24, 39 (in Greek).
34.
KastelliI., (2000), ‘Science and technology policy in Greece: Policy initiatives for R&D cooperation’, Nota Di Lavoro Working Paper No 69.2000, Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei. (paper available at http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=247206, last retrieved 9 December 2009).
35.
KazisD. (1976), ‘The appropriation of foreign modern technology’, Oikonomikos Taxidromos, No 1175, 11 November, pp 70–71, 74 (in Greek).
36.
KeridisD. (1997), ‘Greece in the 1990s: The challenge of reform’, in AllisonG.T.NicolaidisK., eds (1997), The Greek Paradox: Promise vs Performance, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, pp 85–96.
37.
KintisA. (2001), The Greek University in the 21st Century Perspective, Gutenberg, Athens (in Greek).
38.
KladisD.KontiadisZ.PanousisJ., eds (2007), The Modernization of the Greek University, Papazisi, Athens (in Greek).
39.
KomninosN.TsamisA. (2008), ‘The system of innovation in Greece: Structural asymmetries and policy failure’, International Journal of Innovation and Regional Development, Vol 1, No 1, pp 1–23.
40.
KrigeJ. (2004) ‘Commentary: In praise of specificity’, in GandinK.WormbsN.WodmalmS., eds (2004), The Science–Industry Nexus: History, Policy, Implications, Science History Publications, Sagamore, MA, pp 133–139.
41.
KrimbasC. (2003), ‘Science, Technology and the Environment’, in Couloumbis, Th., KariotisT.C.BellouF., eds (2003), Greece in the Twentieth Century, Routledge, London and New York, pp 183–197.
42.
LeydesdorffL.EtzkowitzH. (1996), ‘Emergence of a Triple Helix of university–industry–government relations’, Science and Public Policy, Vol 23, No 5, pp 279–286.
43.
LianisG. (1984), Interview in Oikonomikos Taxidromos, 1 November, pp 25–30 (in Greek).
44.
LoukakisTh. (1996), ‘Universities on the track of growth’, To Vima, 22 September (in Greek).
45.
LoukakisTh. (1997), ‘New types of universities’, To Vima, 21 December (in Greek).
46.
LoukakisTh. (1998), ‘The entrepreneurial university’, To Vima, 22 March (in Greek).
47.
LoukakisTh. (1999a), ‘Polytechneio: The terror’, To Vima, 31 January (in Greek).
48.
LoukakisTh. (1999b), ‘Myths and truths for the research in the universities’, To Vima, 8 August (in Greek).
49.
LoukakisTh. (1999c), ‘Education, research and innovation’, To Vima, 10 October (in Greek).
50.
LoukakisTh. (2007), ‘The economic performance of a university’, To Vima, 11 December (in Greek).
51.
LyrintzisCh. (2005) ‘The changing party system: Stable democracy, contested “modernisation”’, West European Politics, Vol 28, No 2, pp 242–259.
52.
NowotnyH. (2005), ‘The changing nature of public science’, in NowotnyH.PestreD.Schmidt-AssmannE.Schulze-FielitzH.TruteH.H. (2005), The Public Nature of Science under Assault: Politics, Markets, Science and the Law, Springer, Berlin–Heidelberg, (2005), pp 1–27.
53.
NowotnyH.PestreD.Schmidt-AssmannE.Schulze-FielitzH.TruteH.H. (2005), The Public Nature of Science under Assault: Politics, Markets, Science and the Law, Springer, Berlin–Heidelberg.
54.
NowotnyH.ScottP.GibbonsM. (2001), Rethinking Science: Knowledge and the Public, Polity, Cambridge.
55.
PagkalosTh.PapandreouV.SimitzisY.StavropoulosT. (1981) Industrialization, Research, Technology: Selection of Industrial Sectors for the Promotion of the Technological Research and Development, Technical Chamber of Greece, Athens (in Greek).
56.
PagoulatosG. (2005), ‘The politics of privatisation: Redrawing the public–private boundary’, West European Politics, Vol 28, No 2, pp 358–380.
57.
PapadakisN.E. (2004), The Palimpsest Power: State, University and the Education Policy in Greece, Gutenberg, Athens (in Greek).
58.
MinoglouPepelasis I. (1999), ‘Greece: From protection to intervention’, in Foreman-PeckJ.FedericoG., eds (1999), European Industrial Policy: The Twentieth Century Experience, Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp 295–318.
59.
PestreD. (2005), ‘The technosciences between markets, social worries and the political: How to imagine a better future?’, in NowotnyH.PestreD.Schmidt-AssmannE.Schulze-FielitzH.TruteH.H. (2005), The Public Nature of Science under Assault: Politics, Markets, Science and the Law, Springer, Berlin–Heidelberg, (2005), pp 29–52.
60.
PetersG.B.PierreJ., eds (2004), The Politicization of the Civil Service in Comparative Perspective: A Quest for Control, Routledge, London.
61.
PoulakakiL., ed (1999), Development of Institutional Infrastructure for the Liaison Offices in Universities and Research Centres, National Technical University, Athens, (in Greek).
62.
PyrgiotakisI. (2007), ‘From the university of values to the entrepreneurial university’, in KladisD.KontiadisZ.PanousisJ., eds (2007), The Modernization of the Greek University, Papazisi, Athens (in Greek), pp 35–44.
63.
SaitakisA. (1999), ‘The exploitation of research in universities and research centres’, in PoulakakiL., ed (1999), Development of Institutional Infrastructure for the Liaison Offices in Universities and Research Centres, National Technical University, Athens, (in Greek), pp 1–78.
64.
ShapinS. (2008), The Scientific Life: A Moral History of a Late Modern Vocation, Chicago University Press, Chicago, IL.
65.
ShinnT. (2002), ‘The Triple Helix and the new production of knowledge: Prepackaged thinking on science and technology’, Social Studies of Science, Vol 32 No 4, pp 599–614.
66.
SifakisG.M. (2001), ‘E.N. Economou's contribution to the establishment and development of the University of Crete and the Foundation for Research and Technology – Hellas’, Physica B, Vol 296, pp 1–16.
SimitisK. (1996), ‘Parliamentary talk: “The economic policy”’, Athens, 22 March, (in Greek). http://www.costas-simitis.gr/content/74 (accessed 9 September 2009).
69.
SimitisK. (2001), ‘Education and employment in the economy of knowledge’, address to the symposium on the ‘Economy of knowledge, education and employment in Europe’ organized by the European Socialist Party (Athens, 24 February 2001), http://www.costas-simitis.gr/content/74 (accessed 9 September 2009).
70.
SotiropoulosD. (2004), ‘Two faces in politicization of the civil service: The case of contemporary Greece’, in PetersG.B.PierreJ., eds (2004), The Politicization of the Civil Service in Comparative Perspective: A Quest for Control, Routledge, London, pp 257–282.
71.
SyrosK.H. (1969), ‘Fundamental research and technological development’, Oikonomikos Taxidromos, No 513, 24 April, pp 5, 21 (in Greek).
72.
TsipouriL. (1996), ‘Technology management and the role of the research and technology infrastructure’, in CannellW.DankbarrB., eds (1996), Technology Management and Public Policy in the European Union, Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp 127–157.
73.
TsoukalasK. (1999), ‘“Financial incentives” in the university and the danger of corruption’, To Vima, 11 July (in Greek).
74.
TsounisN.KatsoulakosI.KoukiosE. (2003), The Contribution of Research, Technology and Innovation in Regional Development: The Case of Greece, Ellinaka Grammata, Athens (in Greek).
75.
TuunainenJ. (2002), ‘Reconsidering the Mode 2 and the Triple Helix: A critical comment based on a case study’, Science Studies, Vol 15 No 2, pp 36–58.
76.
ZabarloukouS., (2004), The Socio-economic Aspects of Technology: The Development of Biotechnology in Greece, Papazisi, Athens (in Greek).