Towards Use of Cleaner Fuels in Urban and Rural Households in Colombia: Empirical Evidence from 2010 to 2016

Abstract

Natural Gas (NG) and Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) are considered as modern fuels particularly in the urban and rural areas in developing countries. In Colombia, approximately 6.5 million people, around 13% of the population in Colombia use traditional solid fuels for cooking. Using the Colombia Living Standard Survey (CLSS) data for 2010 to 2016 in this study is investigated the mainly socioeconomic factors that influence the choice of cooking fuel in households. A Multinomial Logit Regression (MLR) model is used for empirical analysis. Results reveal several important socioeconomic variables that determine the use of fuels such as type of household, education level and household income. Moreover, results allow to show the successful implementation of the Colombian substitution energy policy, from solid to cleaner fuels such as LPG and NG along national territory. Additionally, we provide several maps to show the evolution of cooking fuel usage in rural and urban areas of Colombia from 2010 to 2016.

Keywords

Choice of cooking fuel Energy access and Multinomial Logit Regression (MLR)

Get full access to this article

View all access options for this article.

References

Alem

Beyene

A.D.

Mekonnen

(2016). “Modeling household cooking fuel choice: A panel multinomial logit approach.” Energy Economics 59: 129-137. https://doi.org/10.1016Zj.eneco.2016.06.025.

Arnold

J.M.

Kӧhlin

Persson

(2006). “Woodfuels, livelihoods, and policy interventions: changing perspectives.” World development 34(3): 596-611. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2005.08.008.

Bahadur Rahut

Das

De Groote

Behera

(2014). “Determinants of household energy use in Bhutan.” Energy 69: 661-672. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2014.03.062.

Baquié

Urpelainen

(2017). “Access to modern fuels and satisfaction with cooking arrangements: Survey evidence from rural India.” Energy for Sustainable Development 38: 34-47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esd.2017.02.003.

Behera

Ali

, (2016). “Patterns and determinants of household use of fuels for cooking: Empirical evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa.” Energy 117: 93-104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2016.10.055.

Behera

Jeetendra

Ali

, (2015). “Household collection and use of biomass energy sources in South Asia.” Energy 85: 468-480. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2015.03.059.

Birol

(2007). “Energy economics: a place for energy poverty in the agenda?” The Energy Journal 28(3): 1-6. https://doi.org/10.5547/ISSN0195-6574-EJ-Vol28-No3-1.

Bonjour

Adair-Rohani

Wolf

Bruce

N.G.

Mehta

Pruss-Ustün

Lahiff

Rehfuess

E.A.

Mishra

Smith

K.R.

(2013). “Solid fuel use for household cooking: country and regional estimates for 1980-2010.” Environmental health perspectives 121(7): 784. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1205987.

Calvo-Gonzalez

Cunha

Trezzi

(2015). “When winners feel like losers: evidence from an energy subsidy reform.” The World Bank Economic Review 31(2): 329-350. https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-7265.

10.

Castaňeda

Dajud

Palacio

Rivera

(2007). Ley 1151 de 2007. Plan nacional de desarrollo 2006-2010. Charlier, D., S. Kahouli, (2018). “From residential energy demand to fuel poverty: income-induced non-linearities in the reactions of households to energy price fluctuations.” Technical report. https://doi.org/10.5547/01956574.40.2.dcha.

11.

Charlier

Legendre

(2018). “A multidimensional approach to measuring fuel poverty.” The Energy Journal. https://doi.org/10.5547/01956574.40.2.bleg.

12.

Charlier

Legendre

(2019). “From residential energy demand to fuel poverty: Income-induced non-linearities in the reactions of households to energy price fluctuations.” The Energy Journal. https://doi.org/10.5547/01956574.40.2.dcha.

13.

Cheng, C.-y. and J. Urpelainen (2014). “Fuel stacking in India: Changes in the cooking and lighting mix, 1987-2010.” Energy 76: 306-317. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2014.08.023.

14.

Congress of Colombia (1994). Law 142 of1994, volume 1. Congress of Colombia.

15.

Congress of Colombia (2010). Law 1428 of 2010, volume ISSN 1657-6241. Congress of Colombia.

16.

CREG (2008). Resolucon No. 045 (23 Apr. 2008). http://apolo.creg.gov.co/Publicac.nsf/Indice01/Resolucion-2008-Creg045-2008.

17.

Daly

Walton

(2017). “Energy access outlook 2017: from poverty to prosperity.” World energy outlook 2017, special report.

18.

DANE (2016). Gran Encuesta Integrada de Hogares - GEIH - 2016. http://microdatos.dane.gov.co/index.php/catalog/427/microdata.

19.

aurella

D.C.

Foster

(2009). What can we learn from household surveys on inequalities in cooking fuels in Sub-Saha-ranAfrica? World Bank, Washington, DC, USA.

20.

Davis

(1998). “Rural household energy consumption: the effects of access to electricity—evidence from South Africa.” Energy Policy 26(3): 207-217. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0301-4215(97)00100-6.

21.

DNP (1991). Programa para la masificaciӧn del consumo de gas. Technical Report DNP-2571-UINF-DIREN.

22.

EIA (2016). Country Analysis Brief: Colombia. http://www.iberglobal.com/files/2016-2/colombia{_}eia.pdf.

23.

Ewing

G.O.

Sarigӧllü

(1998). “Car fuel-type choice under travel demand management and economic incentives.” Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment 3(6): 429-44. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1361-9209(98)00019-4.

24.

Grosh

M.E.

Glewwe

(1995). A guide to living standards measurement study surveys and their data sets, volume 120. World Bank Publications.

25.

Gupta

Kohlin

(2003). Preferences in urban domestic fuel demand: The case of Kolkata. India, Environmental Economics Unit, Department of Economics, Goteborg University, Goteborg, Sweden.

26.

Heltberg

(2004). “Fuel switching: evidence from eight developing countries.” Energy economics 26(5): 869-887.

27.

Hiem-stra-Van der Horst

Hovorka

A.J.

(2008). “Reassessing the ‘energy ladder’: household energy use in Maun, Botswana.” Energy Policy 36(9): 3333-3344. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2008.05.006.

28.

Hosier

R.H.

Dowd

(1987). “Household fuel choice in Zimbabwe: an empirical test of the energy ladder hypothesis.” Resources and energy 9(4): 347-361. https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-0572(87)90003-X.

29.

IHA (2017). International hydropower association. https://www.hydropower.org/2017-key-trends-in-hydropower, note = Accessed: 2017-08-08.

30.

IMF (2017). International monetary fund. http://www.imf.org/external/np/ds/matrix.htm, note = Accessed: 2017-08-08.

31.

IMF (2018). World economic outlook database. https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2017/01/weodata/index.aspx, note = Accessed: 2018-08-08.

32.

Joshi

Bohara

A.K.

(2017). “Household preferences for cooking fuels and inter-fuel substitutions: Unlocking the modern fuels in the Nepalese household.” Energy Policy 107: 507-523. https://doi.org/10.1016Zj.enpol.2017.05.031.

33.

Karimu

(2015). “Cooking fuel preferences among Ghanaian households: an empirical analysis.” Energy for Sustainable Development 27: 10-17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esd.2015.04.003.

34.

Khandker

S.R.

Samad

H.A.

Ali

Barnes

D.F.

(2014). “Who benefits most from rural electrification? evidence in India.” The Energy Journal 75-96. https://doi.org/10.5547/01956574.35.2A

35.

Leach

(1987). “Household energy in South Asia.” Biomass, 12(3): 155-184. https://doi.org/10.1016/0144-4565(87)90034-5.

36.

Mas-Colell

Whinston

M.D.

Green

(1995). Microeconomics.

37.

Masera

O.R.

Saatkamp

B.D.

Kammen

D.M.

(2000). “From linear fuel switching to multiple cooking strategies: a critique and alternative to the energy ladder model.” World development 28(12): 2083-2103. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-750X(00)00076-0.

38.

Menard

(2018). Applied logistic regression analysis, volume 106. SAGE publications.

39.

Miah

M.D.

Rashid, and M.Y. Shin (2009). “Wood fuel use in the traditional cooking stoves in the rural floodplain areas of Bangladesh: a socio-environmental perspective.” Biomass and Bioenergy 33(1): 70-78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2008.04.015.

40.

Nussbaumer

Bazilian

Modi

(2012). “Measuring energy poverty: Focusing on what matters.” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 16(1): 231-243. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2011.07.150.

41.

OECD (2015). World energy outlook. OECD/IEA. OECD (2016). World energy outlook. OECD/IEA.

42.

Ouedraogo

(2006). “Household energy preferences for cooking in urban Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.” Energy policy 34(18): 3787-3795. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2005.09.006.

43.

Pachauri

Mueller

Kemmler

Spreng

(2004). “On measuring energy poverty in Indian households.” World Development 32(12): 2083-2104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2004.08.005.

44.

Poveda Burgos

Carrillo Perez

Castro Torres

(2018). “Impacto social ante eliminación del subsidio a los combustibles en ecuador.” Observatorio de la Economia Latinoamericana, (agosto).

45.

Pundo

M.O.

Fraser

G.C.

(2006). “Multinomial logit analysis of household cooking fuel choice in rural Kenya: The case of Kisumu district.”Agrekon 45(1): 24-37. https://doi.org/10.1080/03031853.2006.9523731.

46.

R Development Core Team (2008). R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. ISBN 3-900051-07-0.

47.

Rao

M.N.

Reddy

B.S.

(2007). “Variations in energy use by Indian households: an analysis of micro level data.” Energy 32(2): 143-153. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2006.03.012.

48.

Schlag

Zuzarte

, (2008). Market barriers to clean cooking fuels in Sub-Saharan Africa: a review of literature. Stockholm Environment Institute, Stockholm.en, A. (1981). “Issues in the measurement of poverty.” In Measurement in Public Choice, pages 144-166.

49.

Springer S.D. Simon (2001). “Understanding the odds ratio and the relative risk.” Journal of andrology 22(4): 533-536. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-05090-1_11.

50.

Szumilas

(2010). “Explaining odds ratios.” Journal of the Canadian Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 19(3): 227.

51.

Troncoso

Castillo

Masera

Merino

(2007). “Social perceptions about a technological innovation for fuel-wood cooking: Case study in rural Mexico.” Energy policy 35(5): 2799-2810. https://doi.org/10.1016Zj.enpol.2006.12.011.

52.

Troncoso

da Silva

A.S.

(2017). “Lpg fuel subsidies in Latin America and the use of solid fuels to cook.” Energy Policy 107: 188-196. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2017.04.046.

53.

Tutz

(2011). Regression for categorical data, volume 34. Cambridge University Press.

54.

United Nations (2018). Sustainable Development Goals. https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/.

55.

Valencia Agudelo

G.D.

(2004). Metamorfosis del estado: de empresario a regulador: El caso de los servicios públicos dom-iciliarios en colombia.

56.

Van der Kroon

Brouwer

van Beukering

P.J.

(2013). “The energy ladder: Theoretical myth or empirical truth? results from a meta-analysis.” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 20: 504-513. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2012.11.045.

57.

Varian

H.R.

(1992). Microeconomic analysis. Number 338.5 V299m 1992. WW Norton.

58.

World Bank (2017). World development indicators. http://data.worldbank.org/data-catalog/world-development-indicators,note= Accessed: 2017-08-08.