Abstract
In this paper, we review the theory of pulse-width modulated d.c.-d.c. converters for the standard Buck, Boost, Buck-Boost, and Ćuk converters. A number of aspects concerning PWM d.c.-d.c. converters will be highlighted. Simulations will be presented in the open- and closed-loop situation. The closed-loop simulations demonstrate that a stable state-space averaged steady-state does not always imply a stable PWM system. In this paper educational aspects play an important role.
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