Validating the Sensitivity and Performance of Near-Infrared Fluorescence Imaging and Tomography Devices Using a Novel Solid Phantom and Measurement Approach
Free accessResearch articleFirst published online February, 2012
Validating the Sensitivity and Performance of Near-Infrared Fluorescence Imaging and Tomography Devices Using a Novel Solid Phantom and Measurement Approach
With the aid of indocyanine green (ICG), lymphatic architecture and function in both mice and humans has been successfully imaged non-invasively using near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence imaging devices. Maximal measurement sensitivity of NIR fluorescence imaging devices is needed for “first-in-humans” molecularly targeting NIR fluorescence agents that are brighter than non-specific ICG. In this study, we developed a solid phantom and measurement approach for the quantification of excitation light leakage and measurement sensitivity of NIR fluorescence imaging devices. The constructed solid phantom, consisting of quantum dots impregnated onto specularly reflective surface, shows long-term stability and can be used as a traceable fluorescence standard. With the constructed solid phantom, the intensified CCD (ICCD)-based device demonstrated more than 300% higher measurement sensitivity compared to the Electron Multiplying CCD (EMCCD) based device when integration time was maintained less than 1.0 s.
SharmaR.WangW.RasmussenJ. C.JoshiA.HoustonJ. P.AdamsK. E.CameronA.KeS.KwonS.MawadM. E.MuracaE. M. SevickQuantitative imaging of lymph function. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol292, H3109 (2007).
2.
KwonS.Sevick-MuracaE. M.Noninvasive quantitative imaging of lymph function in mice. Lymphat Res Biol5, 219–232 (2007).
3.
RasmussenJ. C.TanI.MarshallM. V.FifeC. E.MuracaE. M. SevickLymphatic imaging in humans with near-infrared fluorescence. Curr Opin Biotechnol20, 74–82 (2009).
4.
RasmussenJ. C.TanI. C.MarshallM. V.AdamsK. E.KwonS.FifeC. E.MausE. A.SmithL. A.CovingtonK. R.Sevick-MuracaE. M.Human lymphatic architecture and dynamic transport imaged using near-infrared fluorescence. Transl Oncol3, 362–372 (2010).
5.
TanI.MausE. A.RasmussenJ. C.MarshallM. V.AdamsK. E.FifeC. E.SmithL. A.ChanW.MuracaE. M. SevickAssessment of lymphatic contractile function after manual lymphatic drainage using near-infrared fluorescence imaging. Arch Phys Med Rehabil92, 756–764 (2010).
6.
AdamsK. E.RasmussenJ. C.DarneC.TanI.AldrichM. B.MarshallM. V.FifeC. E.MarshallM. V.SmithL. A.GuilloidR.HoyS.MuracaE. M. SevickDirect evidence of lymphatic function improvement after advanced pneumatic compression device treatment of lymphedema. Biomed Opt Express1, 114–125 (2010).
7.
MausE. A.TanI.RasmussenJ. C.MarshallM. V.FifeC. E.SmithL. A.GurfinkelM.MuracaE. M. SevickNear infrared fluorescence imaging of lymphatics in head and neck lymphedema. Head & Neck (2010).
8.
MarshallM. V.RasmussenJ. C.TanI. C.AldrichM. B.AdamsK. E.WangX.FifeC. E.MausE. A.SmithL. A.Sevick-MuracaE. M.Near-infrared fluorescence imaging in humans with indocyanine green: A review and update. Open Surg Oncol J2, 12–25 (2010).
9.
Sevick-MuracaE. M.SharmaR.RasmussenJ. C.MarshallM. V.WendtJ. A.PhamH. Q.BonefasE.HoustonJ. P.SampathL.AdamsK. E.Imaging of lymph flow in breast cancer patients after microdose administration of a near-infrared fluorophore: Feasibility study. Radiology246, 734–741 (2008).
10.
Sevick-MuracaE. M.RasmussenJ. C.Molecular imaging with optics: Primer and case for near-infrared fluorescence techniques in personalized medicine. J Biomed Opt13, 041303 (2008).
11.
SahuA. K.RoyR.JoshiA.Sevick-MuracaE. M.Evaluation of anatomical structure and non-uniform distribution of imaging agent in near-infrared fluorescence-enhanced optical tomography. Opt Express13, 10182–10199 (2005).
12.
MuracaE. M. SevickLopezG.ReynoldsJ. S.TroyT. L.HutchinsonC. L.Fluorescence and Absorption Contrast Mechanisms for Biomedical Optical Imaging Using Frequency Domain Techniques. Photochem Photobiol66, 55–64 (1997).
13.
LiX.ChanceB.YodhA. G.Fluorescent heterogeneities in turbid media: Limits for detection, characterization, and comparison with absorption. Appl Opt37, 6833–6844 (1998).
14.
HuttemanM.ChoiH. S.MieogJ. S.van der VorstJ. R.AshitateY.KuppenP. J.van GroningenM. C.LöwikC. W.SmitV. T.van de VeldeC. J.FrangioniJ. V.VahrmeijerA. L.Clinical translation of ex vivo sentinel lymph node mapping for colorectal cancer using invisible near-infrared fluorescence light, Ann Surg Oncol18, 1006–1014 (2011).
ZhuB.RasmussenJ. C.LuY.Sevick-MuracaE. M.Reduction of excitation light leakage to improve near-infrared fluorescence imaging for tissue surface and deep tissue imaging. Med Phys37, 5961–5970 (2010).
17.
ZhuB.Sevick-MuracaE. M.Minimizing excitation light leakage and maximizing measurement sensitivity for molecular imaging with near-infrared fluorescence. J Innov Opt Health Sci4, 301–307 (2011).
18.
HoustonJ. P.ThompsonA. B.GurfinkelM.MuracaE. M. SevickSensitivity and Depth Penetration of Continuous Wave Versus Frequency domain Photon Migration Near infrared Fluorescence Contrast-enhanced Imaging. Photochem Photobiol77, 420–430 (2003).
19.
DussaultD.HoessP.Noise Performance Comparison of ICCD and EMCCD Cameras. Proc SPIE5563, 195–204 (2004).
20.
NtziachristosV.WeisslederR.Experimental three-dimensional fluorescence reconstruction of diffuse media by use of a normalized Born approximation. Opt Lett26, 893–895 (2001).
21.
GeJ.ZhuB.RegaladoS.GodavartyA.Three-dimensional fluorescence-enhanced optical tomography using a hand-held probe based imaging system. Med Phys35, 3354–3363 (2008).
