27:T45b,

This case delves into the entrepreneurial journey of a dairy business owner, shedding light on the intricacies of the dairy industry within the Pakistani market. It provides a comprehensive overview of the dairy business’s value chain and delves into the life cycle of cattle used for milking. The case also offers insights into the operational aspects of managing a cattle farm and the requisite business systems. Emphasizing the vital components of cattle farm management and the evolving business landscape, it elucidates the crucial roles played by farm workers and the necessary systems for efficient management.

Furthermore, the case furnishes valuable information regarding the economics of running a cattle farm, highlighting key cost factors such as food and overhead expenses. The revenue side of the business is intricately linked with the farm management practices, specifically focusing on the yield. The case concludes with the entrepreneur’s desire to reevaluate their business model, shifting from buffalo milk to the exploration of the dynamics involved in the cow milk business.

28:T4f6,

This case examines the establishment of a small-scale business, Sindh Fruit Traders, owned by Mr Imtiaz and Mr Tehseen. The saturated local market condition is compelling them to look at export markets as means of expansion. The core challenges they face are identifying and selecting an appropriate export country and making the necessary preparations for the expansion. All these decisions have to be made before the next harvest season in July 2017.

This case describes in detail the dates business in Khairpur, Pakistan. It provides information about how an individual commences business at a small scale and then expands with time by learning the techniques of the business.

This case also explains the local trading of crops and traditional ways of conducting business in the date market of Khairpur and looks into ways in which research should be conducted to expand the business for exports. After discussion, the students will be able to understand the production and sales business of dates in general. More specifically, the students will understand how entrepreneurs are attracted to a business, what role research can play in making informed decisions, and the potential means to expand a local business into an international venture.

29:T49b,

In 1992, Naresh Goyal started on a journey to build the best airline in India, Jet Airways. With rising market share and revenues, Jet Airways began climbing up the ladder of success. It gradually became one of the household names in the Indian aviation sector. In 2005, it came up with an initial public offering (IPO) to reach greater heights with large investments from the funding raised. A ‘paradigm shift’ in the Indian airline business came in 2006 with the increased competition and entry of low-cost carriers. The rise in the competition impacted Jet’s turnover, which was ultimately reflected in the diminishing profitability margins. With a series of industry challenges and questionable managerial decisions, Jet became a debt-ridden and loss-making enterprise from being one of the leaders in the aviation sector. Eventually, in April 2019, Jet Airways temporarily ceased its operations because of a lack of funding available to sustain it. The consortium of lenders, led by State Bank of India (SBI), faced a serious dilemma; whether to revive the airline by looking for potential investors or declare Jet bankrupt and begin the bankruptcy proceedings.