2e:T41a,

Ondol heating, a kind of radiant floor heating, is the main form of heating being used in housing units in Korea. Although Ondol can provide a more comfortable and healthy indoor environment than any other form of heating systems, a more precise simulation is required to further improve the system to prevent over and under heating of the housing environment. However, due to complexity, building energy simulation has so far not been performed, for systems such as Ondol and other relevant facilities. For evaluating energy consumption and indoor temperature variation, a new method has been proposed. In this study, a dynamic simulation of Ondol heating was carried out by combining TRNSYS and EES. This new system of building simulation could contribute to determine over or under heating of the system in a housing unit. The simulation results of a typical housing unit in Korea showed a good trend in a viewpoint of actual behaviour of Ondol heating, maintaining a comfortable and healthy indoor environment with less energy consumption.

2f:T50f,

Smart homes that are capable of home healthcare and e-Health services are receiving much attention due to their potential for better care of the elderly and disabled in an indoor environment. Recently the Center for Sustainable Healthy Buildings at Kyung Hee University has developed a novel indoor human activity recognition methodology based on depth imaging of a user’s activities. This system utilizes Independent Component Analysis to extract spatiotemporal features from a series of depth silhouettes of various activities. To recognise the activities from the spatiotemporal features, trained Hidden Markov Models of the activities would be used. In this study, this technique has been extended to recognise human gaits (including normal and abnormal). Since this system could be of great significance for the caring of the elderly, to promote and preserve their health and independence, the gait recognition system would be considered a primary function of the smart system for smart homes. The indoor gait recognition system is trained to detect abnormal gait patterns and generate warnings. The system works in real-time and is aimed to be installed at smart homes. This paper provides the information for further development of the system for their application in the future.

30:T4a3,

This paper presents a ventilation control strategy for multi-zone variable air volume (VAV) air-conditioning systems; integrating the sequential split-range control strategy for air-handing units with an aim to optimise the fresh air flow rate by compromising the indoor air quality and energy consumption. In this strategy, a CO₂ -based adaptive demand-controlled ventilation scheme would employ a dynamic multi-zone ventilation equation for multi-zone air-conditioning systems, in which a CO₂-based dynamic occupancy detection scheme would be used for online occupancy detection. The strategy would identify the critical zones online, and fully consider the outdoor air demand of critical zones, while, a model-based fresh air flow rate optimal control scheme is employed for VAV air-conditioning systems with the primary air handling units. An adaptive optimisation algorithm would be used for optimising the fresh air flow rate to minimise the energy consumption. The energy saving potentials in the Hong Kong climate condition by optimising fresh air ventilation and the practical implementation of the control strategy are also discussed in this paper.

31:T443,

This paper reports the survey results from a field monitoring study of office occupancy and air-conditioner use pattern of an office building in Seoul, Korea, from 20 July to 29 September 2009. The survey has an aim to reveal the relationship between the indoor environment conditions and occupancy; and the use patterns of air-conditioners and energy consumption in offices. The results showed that the average occupied time of the investigated offices was 15.48 h per day for normal weekdays, which was longer than expected occ