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The alveolar epithelium is composed of two morphologically distinct types of cells, Type I and Type II cells. The thin cytoplasmic extensions of Type I cells cover more than 95% of the internal surface area of the lungs. Type I cells provide the very short diffusion pathway essential for gas exchange. Because there were no biochemical markers specific for human Type I cells, we developed a strategy to produce a monoclonal antibody (MAb) specific for human Type I cells. Isolated human lung cells were used as immunogens; >5000 clones from seven fusions were screened to identify an MAb specific for a 56-kD protein of Type I cells, HTI₅₆. By Western blotting, HTI₅₆ is unique to the lung. By immunoelectron microscopy, it is localized to the Type I cell apical plasma membrane. The pI of HTI₅₆ is 2.5-3.5. HTI₅₆ is glycosylated and has the biochemical characteristics of an integral membrane protein. HTI₅₆ is detectable by Week 20 of gestation and its expression increases in fetal lung explant culture. HTI₅₆ should be useful as a marker for human Type I cells both morphologically and biochemically. It may also be useful in studies of disease and as a marker for lung injury.

26:T7d6,