ountries in the level of environmental concern is mainly explained by between-country economic, cultural, and environmental differences. Within-country variability in the level of pro-environmental concern is mainly explained by individual and travel-related variables, and particularly by the characteristics of the destination. The results demonstrate that environmental concern varies depending on whether the destination is booked via a last-minute offer or not, whether it is a traditional or emergent destination, and whether the trip is abroad or domestic.

28:T449,

In this study, we apply an agent-based modeling approach to understand individual visitors’ multidestination travel patterns and the spatial spillover effects in visitor flows as an aggregate outcome. Based on previous literature, we specify three hypothetic visitor categories (global optimizers, sequential optimizers, and radial optimizers) according to visitors’ attraction selection rules. We conduct an ABM simulation with a sample of 341 Chinese cities as destinations and 1,990 attractions to measure the degree of spillover between destinations by observing the frequency with which visitors traveling across destination boundaries visited attractions in other destinations. The simulation results demonstrate slightly different spillover effects based on visitor type and highlight three regions with particularly strong spillover effects: the Bohai Rim region, the Yangtze River Delta region, and the Sichuan and Chongqing region. These results appear consistent with those of exploratory spatial data analysis in a validation check. Lastly, policy implications are provided.

29:T436,

Developments in households’ net financial wealth may be a better determinant of tourism demand flows than income. This study investigates the effect of cycles of US households’ net financial position on US tourism demand flows for three destinations (Aruba, Barbados, and Jamaica). The literature has conventionally considered income as a key driver of tourism demand, despite the imperfections of several applied proxies. However, there could be a disconnect in the relationship between income and tourism demand because of the net financial position of households. The study contributes to the literature by introducing net financial wealth as a determinant of tourism demand, by heterogenizing consumer decisions, and by providing theoretical propositions. The methodology includes data decomposition, unit root testing, and application of logistic regression. The results show that the relationship is household-, cyle-, and country-specific across time and probability dimensions, which could assist policy makers in better managing developments in destinations.

2a:T473,

After having demonstrated the relationship between tourism and economic growth, tourism-led economic growth (TLGH), and economic-driven tourism growth (EDTG), the scientific literature was concerned with studying the relationship between tourism and economic development, limiting itself to analyzing a possible unidirectional relationship between tourism, economic growth, and economic development.

In this context, the aim of this article is to determine if the relationship between tourism and economic development is bidirectional given that, although tourism can be a tool for economic development, it is also true that a higher level of economic development influences tourism growth. Using a sample of 143 countries, and applying confirmatory factor analysis together with a structural equations model, the bidirectional relationship is confirmed.

Therefore, although tourism growth and economic development face different challenges, if public policies work in a coordinated manner, they may contribute significantly to improving economic development in countries that are configured as tourist destinations.

2b:T44e,

Leisure and tourism constitute important means for migrants to keep in touch with their homeland. This study is the first to investigate the relationship between the leisure and to