, with nearly half of the general population saying they also consider these practices part of their philanthropy. We also find a sociodemographic distinction, with younger and more religious individuals more likely to embrace these broader philanthropic practices. Our findings challenge the traditional definitions of philanthropic thinking and hint at a sociodemographic attitudinal change in philanthropy in the United States.

28:T45b,

Decentralization of disaster management calls every sector to contribute to disaster management—including private citizens. While literature on formal volunteering is rich, less is known about drivers of informal volunteering and the differences between doing so spontaneously or with prompting from authorities. Drawing on social capital theory, we investigated whether beliefs in reciprocity and individual values impact informal volunteering intentions in a disaster. 1,019 Finnish participants completed an online survey. Unexpectedly, demographic variables did not impact volunteering intentions, but those who trusted authorities and expected that one would receive help from others were more likely to volunteer when prompted by authorities. Furthermore, those higher in other-focused values were more likely to volunteer both spontaneously and when asked by authorities. We show that expectations of reciprocity and concern for others promote informal volunteering, demonstrating people’s willingness to help, and illuminating ways through which to engage private citizens in disaster management.

29:T474,

Successive social shocks have reinforced unemployment as a persistent issue, yet its impact on prosocial engagement remains underexplored. This study examines the relationship between job loss and prosocial behaviors, specifically volunteering and donating participation, hypothesizing that short-term unemployment acts as a negative personal shock with heterogeneous effects depending on individuals’ economic resources. Using nationally representative survey data from the United States collected during the COVID-19 pandemic, we employ propensity score weighting enhanced by a machine learning approach to address potential confounders. Our findings indicate that unemployment is associated with reduced formal volunteering participation among lower-income individuals and decreased participation in donating among higher-income individuals. However, we find no significant relationship between unemployment and informal volunteering. Furthermore, our analysis suggests that conventional methods, which fail to adequately control for confounders, tend to underestimate the negative impact of unemployment on prosocial behaviors.

2a:T403,

This research examines non-profit organizations’ (NPOs) attitudes and intentions for engaging in business partnerships for their first time. A randomly selected, nationally representative survey of NPOs in the United States (N = 533), Canada (N = 399), and France (N = 139) was conducted online. Scales were created to assess NPO perceptions along three dimensions: relational, avoiding exploitation, and functional. Scales created herein are shown to be a valid means of assessing partnership perceptions, and the research results replicated across these three developed countries. Results demonstrate that NPOs considering business partnerships for the first time are primarily seeking concrete, functional benefits. They approach business partnerships with optimism, expecting positive relationships with little fear of exploitation. This suggests an inclination to participate. It also suggests potential vulnerability at the hands of a stronger business partner.

2b:T416,

Governments across the world have increasingly used laws to restrict the work of nonprofits, which has led to a reduction in public or official foreign aid directed toward these groups. Many international nonprofits, in response, have turned to individual donors to offset the loss of traditional funding. What are individual donors’ preferenc