Introduction

Recent years have highlighted a special emphasis on the association between Atherosclerosis and D-Dimer and Fibrinogen levels. The purpose of the study was to determine their function as supplementary diagnostic tools in patients of ACS (Acute Coronary Syndrome).

Materials and Methods

The study included 100 participants (50 controls and 50 cases), categorized into STEMI (ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction), NSTEMI (Non-ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction), and UA (Unstable Angina) based on ECG and Trop-T positivity. D-Dimer and Fibrinogen levels were measured for both controls and cases. Chi-square, Student t-test and ANNOVA test were used by SPSS-PC-25 version. The assessment of cut-off points was carried out using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.

Results

Mean D-Dimer was 510.5 µg/ml in STEMI, compared to 241.5 µg/ml in NSTEMI and 219.5 µg/ml in UA. Fibrinogen levels were higher in STEMI (511.68 mg/dl) than in NSTEMI (374.42 mg/dl) and UA (346.10 mg/dl). At a D-Dimer cut-off of 420.5 µg/ml, sensitivity and specificity for ACS prediction were 42% and 96%, respectively; for Fibrinogen at 368.5 mg/dl, they were 68% and 82%. For STEMI, at a D-Dimer cut-off of 354 µg/ml, sensitivity and specificity were 78.57% and 95.45%, while for Fibrinogen at 321 mg/dl, they were 85.71% and 50%.

Discussion

In our study, D-Dimer and Fibrinogen were measured in all the subjects of control group and ACS group and both the parameters were increased in the ACS group with an average of 340 (232-588.25) µg/ml and 453 mg/dl (standard deviation ±201.1) respectively. On the other hand, the control group showed an average D-Dimer of 210.5 µg/ml and Fibrinogen of 270.42 mg/dl (standard deviation ±104.33) which were both within the normal range. Both D-Dimer and Fibrinogen were also calculated for all the subgroups of ACS and the results showed the highest values in the subjects of STEMI.

Conclusion

D-Dimer and Fibrinogen levels were significantly higher in patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome, particularly in the STEMI subgroup, and can be used as supplementary diagnostic markers.