Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery

Educational objectives: To understand the fundamental basis of the cochlear generation of otoacoustic emissions and to appreciate the clinical utility of the recognized types of otoacoustic emission.

Educational objectives: To appreciate more fully the necessary interaction between functional and aesthetic considerations in rhinoplasty surgery and to be more knowledgeable of functional structural needs in achieving conservative rhinoplasty surgery with the multiple approaches and techniques available to today's rhinoplasty surgeon.

Educational objectives: To analyze practice opportunities and understand what is necessary to start a practice and to know when and where to seek assistance.

Educational objectives: To define problem areas in patient preparation and surgical technique in patients undergoing new or revision surgery and to understand how complications occur and how to manage them.

Educational objectives: To better evaluate the patient with unilateral sensorineural hearing loss and to develop a diagnostic algorithm for the diagnosis of acoustic neuromas.

Educational objectives: To formulate a treatment plan for the various causes of disequilibrium and to understand the rationale behind selecting various treatment options (medical, surgical, and rehabilitative), as well as to understand expected treatment outcomes.

Educational objectives: To know the normal physiology of the immunoglobulins, to recognize immune deficient and hyperimmune states, and to formulate a plan to deal with them.

Educational objectives: To identify the currently available beta-blockers and know the effects of beta-blockers on the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system and to be able to competently manage anaphylaxis in a patient taking oral or topical beta-blockers.

Educational objectives: To better understand the advantages, limitations, and outcome in the use of plate in mandibular reconstruction after tumor surgery and to be aware of limitations of the system.

Educational objectives: To understand the alternatives for operative management of chronic otitis media with cholesteatoma and to know the indications and advantages of canal wall-down procedures along with methods of reconstruction of the posterior canal wall.

Educational objectives: To perform the liberatory maneuver to cure BPPVs and to be able to deal with typical or difficult cases.

Educational objectives: To recommend specific different surgical procedures for patients with intractable vertigo and to perform surgical procedures effectively for the treatment of vertigo depending upon their basic level of competency and training.

Educational objectives: To appreciate the scope of near-total laryngectomy and its indications, management, and pitfalls, and to undertake successful surgery (NTL) to produce both cure and vocal rehabilitation in appropriate T₃ and T₄ cases.

Educational objectives: To understand the surgical technique of supracricoid laryngectomy, its indications, contraindications, and the keys to optimizing functional outcome.

Educational objectives: To understand the role of ENG, posturography, and rotational chair testing in the evaluation of patients with dizziness and to understand the physiologic rationale for vestibular rehabilitation therapy and the criteria for patient selection.

Educational objectives: To evaluate the dizzy patient by understanding pathophysiology and testing and necessary diagnostics in the managed care environment to make an accurate diagnosis.

Educational objectives: To understand relevant neuroanatomy and neurophysiology and therefore better identify etiology and pathophysiology of vocal cord paralysis and to systemically and logically evaluate and select appropriate treatment for patients with vocal cord paresis.

Educational objectives: To understand the basic process whereby one discloses and protects a patentable idea and to appropriately participate in the patenting and licensure of intellectual property.

Educational objectives: To decide the best approach to nasal tip based on physical examination and to use sutures for permanent dome correction with minimal cartilage excision.

Educational objectives: To understand the concepts behind conservation surgery, the methods of preoperative evaluation, and the methods of sophisticated reconstruction of the larynx after conservation surgical procedures.

Educational objectives: To develop endoscopic skill of identifying normal anatomy, anatomic variations, and pathologic changes; to orient normal anatomy and pathologic changes on CT scan; and to duplicate various endoscopic surgical techniques on cadaver model, stress the importance of postoperative care, and comprehend the routes of iatrogenic complication.

Educational objectives: To avoid specific complications associated with common procedures in pediatric otolaryngology and to manage complications effectively when they arise after certain procedures in pediatric otolaryngology.

Educational objectives: To evaluate whether a hearing aid business is feasible in the context of their practice setting and to implement the institution of a hearing aid business within the confines of an ear, nose, and throat practice or be able to set up a free-standing hearing aid business.

Educational objectives: To understand the presentation and evaluation and various pathologic conditions involving the parapharyngeal space and to review the cervical-parotid approach and cervical-parotid approach with mandibulatomy as a means to remove tumors of the parapharyngeal space.

Educational objectives: To select appropriate candidates for eyelid rehabilitation surgery, to determine when to intervene surgically and which procedure(s) to perform, to understand the anatomy of the upper and lower eyelid, to utilize various techniques to restore function and cosmesis to the paretic eyelid, and to avoid surgical pitfalls.

Educational objectives: To describe the major types of unconventional cancer treatments and to understand the individual and social beliefs that motivate patients to seek unconventional treatments.

Educational objectives: To identify the types of managed care plans available, to establish improved methods of handling managed care contracts, and to understand reimbursement options used by managed care plans.

Educational objectives: To learn the anatomic considerations in the outstanding ear deformity, to become familiar with several techniques to correct this deformity, and to become very familiar with the combination technique otoplasty (Farrior).

Educational objectives: To analyze crooked nose deformities and determine effective technique for correction and to gain access to the nasal septum by the open rhinoplasty approach and use spreader grafts, sandwich grafts, and septal reconstruction to correct the crooked nose deformity.

Educational objectives: To review surgical techniques applied for laryngotracheal reconstruction, focusing on application of myocutaneous flaps and incorporating management of the tracheostomy in LTR, and judicious use and application of newly designed laryngeal and tracheostomal stents.

Educational objectives: To use practical and technical aspects of glycolic acid peeling and maintenance and to use the glycolic acid program to build and enhance the facial plastic and otolaryngologic practice.

Educational objectives: To understand the etiology and diagnosis of laryngotracheal stenosis and the surgical options available for management of laryngotracheal stenosis in adults.

Educational objectives: To gain deeper understanding of the principles of successful ossicular chain reconstruction and to understand the indications, use, and technical considerations of a variety of prostheses and instruments in situations requiring ossicular chain reconstruction.

Educational objectives: To begin setting up an office allergy practice and to be able to do allergy testing, mix individual treatment vials, and treat patients with allergies by immunotherapy.

Educational objectives: To understand the purpose of simple word processing, database management, and spreadsheet tasks, and to use an IBM-compatible keyboard.

Educational objectives: To attain a clear understanding of parathyroid pathology as it relates to preoperative assessment and surgical decision making and to apply the concept of an interdisciplinary head and neck endocrine clinic to provide comprehensive care to patients with surgical parathyroid disease.

Educational objectives: To help journal readers, peer-reviewers, and editors critically evaluate published and unpublished manuscripts.

Educational objectives: To understand the approach to and technique of functional sinus surgery in young children and to reach fundamental understanding of the prolonged medical management necessary in these patients before making a decision to operate; and to appreciation current controversies involving FES in young children.

Educational objectives: To understand the etiology and diagnostic and staging systems used in the management of patients with cancer of the supraglottic larynx and to understand the medical and surgical techniques used in the management of this disease, together with the risks and benefits.

Educational objectives: To diagnose anatomic nasal variant deformities more clearly, and to apply principled surgical solutions to common and difficult rhinoplasty problems.

Educational objectives: To acquire an in-depth knowledge of the otolaryngologic problems associated with Down syndrome and practical, clinical recommendations regarding management of these problems and to understand effective, safe outpatient sedation techniques to aid in the head and neck examination of persons with Down syndrome.

Educational objectives: To screen patients with epistaxis for life-threatening brain and pulmonary complications associated with Osier Weber Rendu syndrome and to have further knowledge of genetics and family history necessary to advise and treat these patients.

Educational objectives: To recognize characteristic clinical presentations of patients with food allergy, to understand concepts of fixed and “cyclic” allergy, and to treat specific food allergies using in-vivo and in-vitro tests, dietary manipulation, and antigen-specific therapy.

Educational objectives: To understand the principles of bone grafting and healing and to recognize patient candidates for this procedure.

Educational objectives: To avoid complications in microvascular head and neck reconstruction by having a better understanding of patient and flap selection, preoperative planning, postoperative care, and monitoring and to delineate the techniques and procedures to manage free flap complications when they occur.

Educational objectives: To diagnose cerebrospinal fluid leak and to be knowledgeable regarding therapy.

Educational objectives: To perform a standard upper-lid blepharoplasty by a conservative technique that minimizes the risks of complications and to perform a lower-lid blepharoplasty that addresses both the skin and muscle excess and the fat, while at the same time minimizing the risks for ectropion.

Educational objectives: To explain reasons for tympanoplasty failure. To permit successful repair as well as avoid future tympanoplasty failures. To adopt new surgical advances (i.e., new prostheses, homograft material, laser, etc.) to specific problems.

Educational objectives: To evaluate the pediatric patient for laryngotracheal reconstruction (LTR) and to select the most appropriate method of LTR in the pediatric patient.

Educational objectives: To have an understanding of the three-dimensional surgical anatomy of the larynx and to understand the surgical implications of normal and pathologic laryngeal anatomy.

Educational objectives: To explain the scope and variety of definitions, program characteristics of disability adjudicative schemes in the United States and abroad, and to respond to and provide pertinent medical information to the SSA for determinations of disability.

Educational objectives: To understand the techniques and applications of tissue expansion and the risks, complications, and limitations of the procedure.

Educational objectives: To understand the basic principles of aminoglycoside ototoxicity in normal and hydropic ears and to understand the current status of aminoglycoside treatments through the intramuscular, transtympanic, and labyrinthine routes.

Educational objectives: To evaluate defects of the pinna and decide on the optimal reconstructive technique for each defect and to know the technical pearls and pitfalls of each reconstructive technique.

Educational objectives: To become familiar with possible complications of sinusitis in children and to become comfortable with reasonable treatment options, both medical and surgical, including open and endoscopic surgical techniques for complications of pediatric sinusitis.

Educational objectives: To read light microscopic sections on anatomy and histopathology of temporal bone and to correlate histopathology with clinical presentation of select cases of ear disease.

Educational objectives: To understand the factors that are essential in successful surgical treatment of tongue cancer and to formulate a plan for surgical resection that incorporates those factors.

Educational objectives: To recognize lesions of the oral cavity and to order appropriate diagnostic tests and select therapy.

Educational objectives: To take better care of patients and to reduce overhead and be more cost-effective.

Educational objectives: To select appropriate children for implantation and to counsel and recommend to parents considering cochlear implants the aspects of surgery, postoperative habilitation, and tuning.

Educational objectives: To understand Meniere's disease and to perform streptomycin perfusion of the labyrinth through the round window.

Educational objectives: To find a straightforward strategy in dealing with vertigo in patients with Meniere's disease who failed medical treatment, and to be familiar with fine points of surgical procedures, including endolymphatic sac surgery, cochleostomy, vestibular nerve sections, and labyrinthectomy.

Educational objectives: To learn a new technique to repair a depressed malar fracture, which can give improved results by stable fixation and no visible scars of the periorbital areas, and to save about 50% of operating time.

Educational objectives: To perform a tympanoplasty with a success rate in the high 90s, to make Williams microclips for own use, and to have the confidence to perform successful tympanoplasty on atelectatis ears.

Educational objectives: To have an understanding of the full spectrum of medical and surgical modalities available in the treatment of severe persisting frontal sinusitis and to understand the anatomic principles and practical aspects of the modified transnasal endoscopic Lothrop procedure using drills or “frontal drillout. “

Educational objectives: To recognize the indications for surgery for chronic otitis media and to know the techniques necessary for the management of chronic otitis media.

Educational objectives: To gain an improved understanding of sinus anatomy and of alternate surgical approaches for the management of DCR, orbital decompression, CSF leaks, encephaloceles, and optic nerve decompression.

Educational objectives: To obtain greater knowledge of the classification of auricular deformities by the subunit principle, and to understand patient selection, evaluation, indications, and surgical techniques for repair of the external ear after trauma or ablative surgery.

Educational objectives: To understand the proper use and limitations of antibiotics and the emerging resistance patterns and to obtain better results with antibiotic therapy as a result of insights into different methods of prescribing antibiotics.

Educational objectives: To understand the indications for and against microvascular reconstruction and to grasp the technical and clinical indications of a successful outcome and the methodology of obtaining reimbursement.

Educational objectives: To answer patient questions about amplification with updated, accurate information and to understand new concepts in selection and fitting of technologically advanced hearing aids.

Educational objectives: To recognize the presence of allergies in patients with rhinitis and to formulate a treatment plan using elimination techniques and pharmacotherapy.

Educational objectives: To recognize the importance of otoacoustic emissions as a sensitive means of assessing cochlear function and to use important clinical otoacoustic emission parameters as they apply to specific clinical situations.

Educational objectives: To differentiate between the various causes of vertigo, to understand testing procedures and results, and to become familiarized with therapeutic rehabilitation treatment modalities for patients with dizziness and balance disorders.

Educational objectives: To evaluate and properly diagnose anatomic deformities of the auricle and to properly treat these problems.

Educational objective: To show how participation in the fine arts can improve aesthetic and surgical skills in facial plastic surgery.

Educational objectives: To be aware and familiar with new devices to investigate inner ear, to know what vestibular rehabilitation is, and to choose the more appropriate surgery when needed.

Educational objectives: To better understand the fundamentals of tympanic membrane grafting and to have an improved ability to solve the technical problems that are encountered in tympanic membrane grafting.

Educational objectives: To teach the anesthesiologist to use the Mon-Jet tube and automatic ventilator and to understand the physiology of jet ventilation.

Educational objectives: To understand special aspects of history taking, physical examination, and medical and surgical therapy of common diagnoses in professional singers.

Educational objectives: To case manage common vestibular disorders and to cover medical, surgical, and rehabilitation strategies of management.

Educational objectives: To have a better understanding of the pathophysiology of inner ear immune-mediated disease and the most efficacious diagnostic tests available and to gain knowledge about sensible and effective treatment plans, potential complications of therapy, and problem case management.

Educational objectives: To assess the nasal deformity to be corrected and to be able to select the best surgical approach/approaches to correct the deformity.

Educational objectives: To understand the pathophysiology and significance of loud snoring and to have a clear and concise approach to evaluation and treatment of snoring.

Educational objectives: To perform a precise pathologically controlled excision of cutaneous malignancies of the head and neck region and to preplan simple or complex reconstruction techniques.

Educational objectives: To confidently diagnose patients with facial paralysis, select appropriate tests, and reduce the cost of evaluation by using sound medical judgment and to accurately predict prognosis with the Hilger Facial Nerve Stimulator and maximal stimulation testing.

Educational objectives: To diagnose and treat complications arising from adenotonsillectomy and develop strategies that will minimize the development of complications after adenotonsillectomy.

Educational objectives: To understand the indications for traditional and current reconstructive techniques and to learn the step-wise advances that led to one-stage, vascularized tissue transfer.

Educational objectives: To provide a clear and organized approach to nasal anatomy, surgical dynamics, and surgical technique, from basic to advanced, to apply these concepts, as well as the specific techniques discussed, and to avoid rhinoplasty complications and achieve better results.

Educational objectives: To select and evaluate candidates for rhinoplasty and plan the steps of the proposed operation, and to carry out the steps of the surgery in a sequential, progressive technique, which should preclude an undesirable, radical result.

Educational objectives: To appropriately select patients who would benefit from either a paratracheal or mediastinal lymph node dissection and to understand the surgical technique and methods of complication avoidance for each of these procedures.

Educational objectives: To comfortably perform a complete mastoidectomy including intact CW procedures with facial recess and CWD procedures and to utilize specific tips to be able to consistently identify critical mastoid landmarks.

Educational objectives: To appreciate more fully the applications of videostrobolaryngoscopy and to see various examples of pathologic conditions and hear suggestions for medical and surgical treatment of each lesion.

Educational objectives: To recognize the various incus defects and to recall effective surgical management techniques to repair incus defects.

Educational objectives: To select cases properly, to avoid complications, and to improve surgical skill.

Educational objectives: To understand state-of-the-art techniques for producing graphics materials for professional scientific publications and presentations, and to use a popular graphics program to produce graphics materials.

Educational objectives: To determine whether otolaryngic allergy fits into an individual's practice and marketing strategies, to identify how to become fully credentialed as an otolaryngic allergist, and to operate a safe office allergy practice.

Educational objectives: To properly assess facial neoplasia, to plan, design, develop, and apply various flaps and grafts for the most effective clinical managment of facial carcinoma, and to learn the pearls and pitfalls and acquire the necessary skills to apply nuances of technique to achieve high cure rates, preserve function, and restore cosmesis.

Educational objectives: To understand the most current information for all aspects of nerve reconstruction, including graft donor-site options, and graft harvesting and anastomotic techniques and to provide and update on future trends in nerve grafting.

Educational objectives: To understand techniques for testifying, jury psychology, and courtroom dynamics and to present a more effective defense and participate with the defense attorney as an integral part of the defense team.

Educational objectives: To evaluate the relative efficacy of the myriad newly released antibiotics and to prescribe antibiotics with greater appreciation of factors contributing to successful outcome and better patient care.

Educational objectives: To understand three-dimensional anatomy and function of the eustachian tube and consequently the pathology and dysfunction of the eustachian tube that are closely associated with those of the middle ear, such as otitis media with effusion, the second most common disease among children, next to the common cold.

Educational objectives: To understand the goals of immunotherapy and when it is indicated and to recognize the relationship and potential complications of allergy in the surgical patient.

Educational objectives: To evaluate and treat patients with posterior glottic and subglottic stenosis and to understand the limitations and usefulness of cricotracheal resection combined with laryngeal tracheoplasty in patients with combined glottic and subglottic stenosis.

Educational objectives: To improve correspondence techniques with primary care physicians and referring physicians and to learn practice-building techniques.

Educational objectives: To know the history of epistaxis treatment and to be familiar with the available therapies for epistaxis and therefore be able to select the appropriate treatment for each case.

Educational objectives: To understand the evaluation process of the hearing impaired, the audiometric measurements required for the evaluation, and the application of these measurements and proper amplification.

Educational objectives: To gain a broad knowledge of salivary gland neoplasms in adults and children and to discuss the management of major salivary gland tumors, the sequelae, and the pitfalls.

Educational objectives: To understand and evaluate the methods and alternatives available to make appropriate and practical business decisions in a group practice.

Educational objectives: To conceptualize the decision-making process involved in employing a physician extender and to identify the multiple facets of the physician extender role in otolaryngology.

Educational objectives: To have a more complete understanding of the advantages of homograft ossiculoplasty and to solve the technical problems that may be encountered during ossiculoplasty more readily.

Educational objectives: To assist participants in evaluating upper airway obstruction endoscopically and deciding whether to treat laryngotracheal stenosis with open or closed techniques.

Educational objectives: To use open rhinoplasty approach to gain exposure to correct deformities seen in secondary rhinoplasty, posttraumatic deformities, and reconstructive cases, and to use structural grafts to correct aesthetic and functional deformities of the nose.

Educational objectives: To identify appropriate candidates for surgical hair replacement and to understand techniques for hair replacement and their appropriate use in various different patterns of hair loss.

Educational objectives: To explain the difference between the various types of bone grafts with respect to their biologic properties and to understand technical considerations to enhance success in craniofacial skeletal surgery.

Educational objectives: To appreciate the general phenomena of somatization, conversion, and posturing disorders; to understand the symptoms, behavioral manifestations, psychometric and epidemiologic findings, and theories related to these problems; to recognize acoustic-perceptual and visual attributes of conversion aphonia/dysphonia, and pitch/register disturbances resulting from functional malposturing of the phonatory mechanism; to implement criteria and guidelines for identification of symptoms; and to incorporate procedures and specific techniques for removal of symptoms and effective patient management.

Educational objectives: To understand and apply the three rhinotomy approaches for extirpation of benign and malignant diseases of the sinonasal cavity, skull base, and anterior cranial fossa.

Educational objectives: To understand the basic physiology of corticosteroids and the potential complications of their use; to develop an approach to the safe use of steroids for problems in otolaryngology.

Educational objectives: To present practical and reliable techniques for surgical reconstruction of the tympanic membrane and ossicular chain and to emphasize an integrated system of surgical techniques that allows multiple reconstructive options to the surgeon within a cohesive reconstructive philosophy.

Educational objective: To select medical billing software that best fits the user's needs.

Educational objective: To perform this endoscopic technique.

Educational objectives: To understand the indications, limitations, and patient selection for MFD and to use the MFD technique to approach the nose, paranasal sinuses, nasopharynx, and skull base.

Educational objectives: To evaluate and diagnose children and adults with microtia, to understand the management options for patients with microtia, and to be able to educate parents regarding these treatment options and to coordinate the care of these children.

Educational objectives: To understand how to evaluate and diagnose laryngeal dystonia and understand the fundamental principles required to perform botulinum toxin injections in the office.

Educational objectives: To improve all aspects of patient care and communication in ways that reduce the risk of malpractice suits and to eliminate from office and hospital practice conduct and behavior that invites patients to sue.

Educational objectives: To provide a comprehensive overview of the principles and foundations of pediatric swallowing, to review otolaryngologic manifestations and system disorders related to swallowing dysfunction, and to review the various objective swallowing evaluation tools.

Educational objectives: To perform an office evaluation and order sophisticated tests for the diagnosis of causes of dysphagia and to manage both medically and surgically many of the common causes of dysphagia.

Educational objectives: To know how to recognize otosclerosis, which patients to operate on, and how toper-form a stapedectomy.

Educational objectives: To determine the indications of performing long-term tracheostomy, better understand the advantage, pitfalls, complications, etc., and to plan and perform this surgical procedure and become knowledgeable in the postoperative management.

Educational objectives: To properly select patients needing thyroidectomy and to determine the rational treatment for thyroid cancer.

Educational objectives: To better appreciate the new instrumentation for this type of surgery and to better understand the newer laser and nonlaser techniques and their indications for microlaryngeal surgery.

Educational objectives: To understand the management of the different ballistic injuries to the face and to comprehend the mechanisms of wounding by the different firearms (shotgun, rifle, and handgun).

Educational objectives: To understand the pathophysiology of nonallergic rhinitis and medical management and surgical therapy for nonallergic rhinitis.

Educational objectives: To understand the differential diagnosis of diseases of the thyroid and the overall treatment of thyroid cancer.

Educational objectives: To understand the various causes of nasal septal perforations and the rhinologic principles for their prevention and to exercise the strategies for successful surgical closure of nasal septal perforations or for nonsurgical management of their symptoms.

Educational objectives: To become familiar with basic concepts of hypersensitivity reactions in human host and to relate clinical disease and use of pharmacotherapeutic regimens to control symptoms produced by allergic disorders.

Educational objectives: To understand the applications of MRI scanning of the temporal bones, including infection, neoplasms, trauma, and autoimmune diseases; to evaluate more properly disorders of the temporal bone; and to better understand the role of gadolinium-enhanced MRI scanning of the temporal bone and cerebellopontine angle.

Educational objectives: To determine appropriate management strategy for patients with severe-to-profound hearing loss and to determine cochlear implant candidacy and to counsel patients regarding cochlear implants.

Educational objectives: To identify methods that can be used to promote autonomous medical practice, to preserve quality of care and the physician as a patient advocate and involve the physician in cost containment, and to improve their practices by sharing information in an open forum.

Educational objectives: To describe the step-by-step surgical technique of functional neck dissection and to understand the rationale, indications, and results of functional neck dissection.

Educational objectives: To determine candidacy for hearing aids, particularly the body aid, such as BTE, ITE, ITC, CIC, CROS, BiCROS, IROS, and Power CROS, and to understand earmold types and applications.

Educational objectives: To select and recommend to patients specific surgical procedures for facial nerve problems and to accurately perform facial nerve surgery, depending on participants' basic level of surgical competence.

Educational objectives: To identify patients with adductor and abductor spasmodic dysphonia and to understand and organize a comprehensive management program, including diagnosis and current treatment of patients with spasmodic dysphonia.

Educational objectives: To consider modifying the surgical approach for complete removal of cholesteatoma and hearing restoration, to restore hearing and eradicate disease in a planned two-stage canal wall up procedure, and to prevent recurrent and residual cholesteatoma.

Educational objectives: To understand pertinent anatomy and support mechanisms of the lower eyelid as they relate to blepharoplasty and to understand the surgical technique of transconjunctival blepharoplasty and provide those with blepharoplasty background further information to begin using the technique.

Educational objectives: To become familiar with the signs and symptoms suggestive of laryngeal trauma and proceed with appropriate evaluation in a timely fashion, to become familiar with the principles in the treatment of laryngeal trauma, and to be knowledgeable about the multiple injuries that may be present and their surgical repair.

Educational objectives: To understand the epidemiology of noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) and age-related hearing loss (ARHL), including time course, interactions, and importance of occupational and nonoccupational exposure history; to use clinical and epidemiologic data and principles to diagnose NIHL and ARHL; and to estimate the relative contributions of each in individual cases.

Educational objective: To easily identify cutaneous pigmented and vascular lesions in the head and neck and to use new laser technology to successfully remove cutaneous vascular and pigmented lesions with minimal risks of scarring.

Educational objective: To establish an ambulatory surgery center for an ENT practice.

Educational objectives: To understand concepts of evaluating, fitting and prescribing all types of hearing aids available and to advise patients realistically regarding the purchase and use of a hearing aid.

Educational objectives: To explain and evaluate parotid gland disorders and to properly manage parotid gland disorders.

Educational objectives: To obtain a history that suggests which single or combination of discrete traumatic sequelae to the peripheral and central vestibular system are responsible for the patient's symptoms and to order and interpret the tests most likely to establish a correct diagnosis or diagnoses and initiate rational medical or surgical treatment.

Educational objectives: To evaluate and treat complex head and neck infections, to recognize the need for immediate surgical intervention in head and neck infections, and to treat infections in immunocompromised patients.

Educational objectives: To become familiar with the diagnostic workup of a patient presenting with solitary thyroid nodule and to discuss the current controversies related to the treatment, including total versus less than total thyroidectomy and role of postoperative radioactive iodine.

Educational objectives: To understand the techniques of endoscopic orbital decompression and to decide which patients are appropriate candidates for this procedure.

Educational objectives: To understand frontal sinus anatomy and imaging techniques and to understand alternatives to frontal sinus obliteration and when to apply them, as well as endoscopic frontal sinustomy.

Educational objectives: To determine a variety of practice management problems and deficiencies and to explore solutions to improve the practice.

Educational objectives: To identify specific head and neck defects ideally suited for radial forearm flap reconstruction and to better understand and participate in the preoperative workup, intraoperative management, and postoperative care of patients with forearm flaps.

Educational objectives: To improve diagnostic acumen and avoid the pitfalls of misdiagnosis and to seek appropriate referrals and institute contemporary medical and surgical treatment.