The Traumaxilla

Dental implants are increasingly being used to replace missing or lost teeth. Despite significant advances in materials, techniques, and implant design, implant failure remains a major concern for both the dentist and the patient. The most common causes of implant failure are peri-implantitis and a lack of osseointegration. Other causes of implant failure include occlusal overloading, compromised or poor medical status of the patient, habits that harm oral tissues, and implant selection. The most pressing issue that all implantologists face today is the occurrence of complications and failures in implants. To further improve treatment outcomes, the etiologies and factors associated with implant failures should be identified. Osseointegrated dental implants have long been regarded as the closest substitute for missing teeth.

Management of airway is the most important concern in critically injured patient with life-threatening injuries for an anesthesiologist as well as primary caregiver as it may distort airway anatomy as well as destabilize the cervical spine. These patients are potentially difficult candidates for mask ventilation and endotracheal intubation. Additionally, these patients are prone to regurgitation as they may have full stomach condition. The requirement of maxillofacial surgery is free access to the oral cavity; thus, securing alternate methods to maintain a safe airway is the primary priority. To improve the clinical outcome of these patients, there should be mutual cooperation between the anesthesiologist, maxillofacial surgeon, and ENT surgeon (for emergency tracheostomy, if needed). In this review, we are discussing primary management in emergency, relevant anatomy, difficulty in securing patent airway, and possible approach for airway management in maxillofacial trauma patients.

Along with functional periodontal health, esthetic demand is increasing among patients. Creating a perfect smile through periodontal plastic procedures or multidisciplinary approaches involving orthodontic, restorative, and prosthetic specialties is a real challenge in esthetic dentistry. “Black triangle” is one of the common causes that can compromise esthetic. Black triangle is open gingival embrasure cervical to interproximal contact. Its presence may also cause problem in phonetic and retention of food debris. This article discusses the definition, causes, classification, prevalence, and various approaches in handling the case of black triangle.

Maxillofacial injuries are increasing in frequency due to increasing reliance on road transportation and increasing socioeconomic activities. The primary management of most of the maxillofacial traumas is closed reduction with maxillomandibular/intermaxillary fixation (IMF). But owing to the advantages offered by open reduction and internal fixation it has become more popular nowadays. This article includes a case report and literature review regarding the necessity of IMF after open reduction and internal fixation.

One of the most commonly encountered situations in clinical practice is dental trauma. Children and adolescents frequently report with uncomplicated/complicated crown fracture that requires immediate consideration. Clinicians should be prompt in treating such injuries and must be aware of the various treatment options available. With the advent of newer adhesive systems, reattachment has become the treatment of choice when the fragment is properly stored, and luxation injury is not associated with the fracture. This article aims to review the various techniques available for reattachment of fractured fragment and the recent advances in the adhesive systems.

The origin of ameloblastic fibrosarcoma (AFS) or ameloblastic dentinosarcoma in the background of ameloblastic fibroma has been widely reported in literature. To the best of our knowledge, the malignant transformation of a benign ameloblastoma to an aggressive variety of AFS has never been reported. Here, we report a rare case of follicular ameloblastoma of mandible in a 16-year-old female, who initially presented with a painless slow growing swelling, gradually transformed into a painful, aggressive variety of AFS requiring extensive surgery and chemoradiation therapy.

Corynebacterium striatum is considered to be notoriously associated with multidrug resistant nosocomial infections with high mortality. This article encases an unusual case of C. striatum associated postoperative surgical site infection in post-operative case of oral submucous fibrosis. The prognosis depends majorly on meticulous debridement and regular dressing with concomitant anti-microbials. Patient factors such as immunodeficiency and debilitating comorbidities contribute equally to final outcome.

Reconstruction of post traumatic facial soft tissue defect remains a challenge. The reconstruction of nasal substructures with the locoregional flap is been practiced since the times of Sushruta. But still the quest for ideal reconstructive option is in pipeline. We present a case of posttraumatic nasal alar defect with superiorly based interpolated nasolabial flap. The postoperative outcomes were very encouraging.