Major unresolved questions surround the use of zone-to-zone adjustment factors in applications of the gravity model of trip distribution. Specifically, neither an unambiguous interpretation of these factors nor a systematic, efficient method for calculating them is available. The material in this paper represents an attempt at resolving these fundamental issues. A new interpretation of origin and destination effects on tripmaking is provided, after which two computational algorithms for estimating these effects from observed aggregate trip-distribution data are developed. Two examples illustrating the use of the recommended procedures are provided.
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